大跨径预应力混凝土连续刚构桥应力监控研究分析

分析阐述应力监控对安全进行大跨径预应力钢混凝土连续刚构桥施工的重要意义,分析了振弦应力测试的误差主要来源,提出减少误差的方法。应用桥梁结构分析程序BRCAD对结构应力进行仿真分析,比较分析控制截面应力实测值和理论计算值,测试结果表明应力实测值与理论计算值能较好的吻合。在施工过程中,控制截面实测的最大应力值小于规范的允许值,施工过程安全。     

拱肋施工偏差对斜靠式拱桥力学性能的影响

采用MIDAS/Civil软件建立某斜靠式拱桥空间有限元计算模型,通过改变内外拱肋的倾角来考虑拱肋施工可能出现的偏差,分10种工况计算该桥在恒载和恒载 活载作用下的桥梁稳定系数和拱肋位移。计算结果表明,改变内外拱肋间的倾角对该桥稳定性系数影响较小,但对拱肋位移的影响较大。随着内拱肋的倾角由外向内改变,拱肋顶部横向位移逐渐加大,特别是当内拱肋偏过竖直位置向内倾时,拱肋顶部横向位移增幅显著。     

Guidelines for samplers: measuring a change in behaviour from before and after surveys

This paper addresses the issue of using before and after surveys to evaluate behavioural changes in response to transport policies and investments, a procedure that, we argue is done far too rarely in this profession. Further, it demonstrates very clearly that, in almost all conceivable cases, there are considerable economies to be obtained by using a panel (again, under-utilised in our profession) to undertake evaluation, rather than successive independent cross-sectional surveys. The paper also addresses the critical issue of sample size requirements for measuring changes of a relatively small magnitude in travel behaviour; i.e., to state, with 95% confidence, that if there is a ∂ percent change in behaviour for the sample, there is a ∂ percent ± e percent change in the behaviour of the population, where e is the sampling error. In this paper, we present a method for calculating such sample size requirements from first principles and demonstrate the applicability both hypothetically and then empirically using data from the Puget Sound Transportation Panel. The formulation enables designers of before and after surveys to investigate the trade-offs between the statistical accuracy of their predictions and the sample size requirements systematically, without the need to specify ∂ a priori. This latter point is crucial, we argue, because we have limited information on ∂, yet, as we explain here, it drives the sample size requirements using alternative, well-cited approaches for calculating sample sizes to assess behavioural change. The results have important ramifications both for those implementing transport policies intended to produce behavioural change, especially when a cost-benefit evaluation of the policy is desired, and for those interpreting the results reported in previous studies.     

Study on fast calibration of a ULA＇s gain and phase error

Array calibration is important in engineering practice. In this paper, fast calibration methods for a ULA＇s gain and phase errors both in far and near fields are proposed. In the far field, using a single sound source without exact orientation, this method horizontally rotates the array exactly once, performs eigen value decomposition for the covariance matrix of received data, then computes the gain and phase error according to the formulas. In the near field, using the same single sound source, it is necessary to rotate the array horizontally at most three times, build equations according to geometric relations, then solve them. Using the formula proposed in this paper, spherical waves are modified into plane waves. Then eigen values decomposition is performed. These two calibration methods were shown to be valid by simulation and are fast, accurate and easy to use. Finally, an analysis of factors influencing estimation precision is given.     

二次扩展复数旋转码及其对偶码

扩展复数旋转的基础上,提出了二次扩展复数旋转码及其对偶码的概念。就它们的特性作了初步的讨论,并给出了它们的生成矩阵的构造方式及主要参数。经过与扩展复数旋转码和其对偶码相比较,可以看出它们也是一类码率高、纠错能力强的差错控制码。     

A dual control approach for repeated anticipatory traffic control with estimation of network flow sensitivity

This paper investigates a strategic signal control, which anticipates travelers' route choice response and determines signal timings to optimize network‐wide objectives. In general traffic assignment models are used for anticipating this route choice response. However, model‐reality mismatch usually brings suboptimal solutions to the real system. A repeated anticipatory control resolves the suboptimality and addresses the modeling error by learning from information on model bias. This paper extends the repeated control approach and focuses on the estimation of flow sensitivity as well as its influence on control, which is a crucial issue in implementation of model bias correction. The main objective of this paper is first to analyze the estimation error in the real flow derivative that is estimated from noisy measurements. A dual control method is then presented, improving both optimization objective function and derivative estimation during the control process. The proposed dual algorithm is tested on a simple network as well as on a midsize network. Numerical examples confirm the reliable performance of the new reality‐tracking control strategy and its ability to identify (local) optimal solutions on real traffic networks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

设备安装对基座导纳测量的影响研究

裸基座导纳是隔振设计的重要参数.工程中常需要在设备安装状态下测量基座的导纳,这会给基座导纳测量带来误差.本文针对单个安装点的情况(低频时成立)从理论上证明了这种误差在某些条件下是可以忽略的,即设备刚性安装时基座阻抗应远大于设备机脚阻抗;弹性安装时若基座阻抗远大于隔振器阻抗,则在远大于设备安装频率的频段可忽略这种误差;若基座阻抗远大于机脚阻抗,则在设备无共振的频段亦可忽略这种误差.这些条件在工程中比较容易得到满足,因此本文结论对工程中导纳的测量具有实际指导意义.     

Rice信道下的测向误差分析

研究Rice信道下天线阵列的相位关系模型,总结Rice因子估计的可行方法;对Rice信道下的测向误差进行了计算和仿真,在此基础上分析测向误差的统计特性,该统计特性可以用于对测向结果的可信度进行估计。     

基于DSP技术的多用户电表的设计

介绍一种采用DSP处理器的多用户单相电能表的设计.提出了功率测量的DSP算法和总体方案设计,探讨了电表主要模块的功能,并给出了电能表实验结果.实验结果证明,电表可计量8户家庭的用电情况.并且还具有多种通信功能,方便电力部门抄表.     

沉降预测的等步长灰色时变参数模型

针对经典灰色系统模型的不足,根据灰色系统理论的信息处理原则,在模型中引入遗忘因子,建立了灰色系统沉降预测的等步长灰色时变参数模型,并在求解过程中引入遗忘因子以修正预测结果.模型充分考虑了预测系统的时变性和灰色性,从而降低对预测系统状态的预测误差.实例预测表明,灰色时变参数模型可以将工后总沉降量的预测误差控制在7.0 %以内.误差检验结果显示,预测结果的精度等级较遗忘因子修正前有显著的提高.