柴油机变参数PID控制及半实物仿真研究

分析变参数PID控制器各个参数随着误差信号的变化趋势,得到它们的关系表达式,通过关系式去实现变参数PID控制器的参数校正并进行半实物仿真,半实物仿真结果表明变参数PID控制器能得到较好的控制效果。     

大学生英语写作中的主要问题及应对办法

如何提高大学生英语写作能力是英语写作教学研究的重点和难点。本论文分析了影响学生英语写作能力的因素,并在此基础上提出了相应对策。     

Nonlinear multivariate time–space threshold vector error correction model for short term traffic state prediction

We propose Time–Space Threshold Vector Error Correction (TS-TVEC) model for short term (hourly) traffic state prediction. The theory and method of cointegration with error correction mechanism is employed in the general design of the new statistical model TS-TVEC. An inherent connection between mathematical form of error correction model and traffic flow theory is revealed through the transformation of the well-known Fundamental Traffic Diagrams. A threshold regime switching framework is implemented to overcome any unknown structural changes in traffic time series. Spatial cross correlated information is incorporated with a piecewise linear vector error correction model. A Neural Network model is also constructed in parallel to comparatively test the effectiveness and robustness of the new statistical model. Our empirical study shows that the TS-TVEC model is an effective tool that is capable of modeling the complexity of stochastic traffic flow processes and potentially applicable to real time traffic state prediction.     

散装货物运输中水尺计重研究

通过对水尺计重的原理及方法的研究,分析了在水尺计重过程中产生误差的主要原因;结合实践经验,阐述了作为承运人代表的船舶大副在水尺计重中应注意的一些事项,以免承运人在水尺计重这一工作中遭受不必要的损失。     

舰艇进水过程中的不沉性指标计算及实验研究

为了描述舰艇进水过程中的不沉性指标随时间的变化关系,文章首先建立了进水过程的姿态参数时域微分模型;然后,分析了国外提出的流量差值迭代法的不足之处,建立了基于“四阶龙格-库塔”的数值求解算法,分析了其求解的物理意义,并进行了船模实验验证。最后,以某船模为对象进行了进水过程中浮性和稳性指标的仿真计算,计算结果揭示了进水过程可能会比进水稳定平衡状态更加危险的现象。     

The subjective measurement of seafarers’ fatigue levels and mental symptoms

Human error is the most important factor causing many ship accidents in maritime industry despite advanced technology and international regulations. Fatigue in seafarers is a well-known problem and a serious cause of ship accidents. There are many factors unique to the marine environment raising the potential for fatigue at sea. Due to the difficulties in measuring human fatigue and also in suggesting fatigue to be a root cause of accident, it is important to devise methods to detect and quantify the fatigue and mental symptoms. In this study, ‘Piper Fatigue Scale’ (PFS) has been used for measuring fatigue level and ‘Symptom Checklist 90- Revised’ (SCL-90-R) for detecting the severity of mental symptoms. Data analyses were performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. According to the results of PFS analysis, a slight degree of fatigue is detected in all sub-dimensions of the scale. According to the results of SCL-90-R analysis, the distress of mental symptoms perceived by seafarers is not generally highly detected. In conclusion, the purpose of this study is to determine, by using subjective measurements, the fatigue level and mental symptoms among seafarers caused by working conditions on-board.     

联网高速公路路径射频识别系统理论误差分析

射频技术是解决联网高速公路路径识别的一种可行技术.目前,国内已有个别省份采用该技术解决路径识别问题,但未进行国内大范围的推广.从射频设备的准确率、标识站点的设置方式、标识站与收费站的位置关系、收费站点间交通流分布等几个方面,分析整个识别系统中可能产生的理论误差,并引入综合误差度的概念对系统误差做统一标定.     

车轮动态弯矩非正交误差的修正

针对车轮弯曲疲劳试验机由于传感器安装误差使得弯矩检测的非正交误差,难以达到国标规定的动态加载精度要求的问题,分析了非正交误差对弯矩检测精度的影响,建立了非正交误差修正模型,直接利用弯矩实测值经相关运算确定修正参数,并给出了该修正法的评价模型.理论分析和试验结果表明:该修正方法有效;采用该修正法,弯矩检测误差由4.6％降低到1％以下,提高了车轮动态加载精度,满足了本试验机弯矩加载精度要求.     

船模水动力学试验中几何参数的不确定度分析研究

自从1992年ITTC-QS工作组致函ITTC技术委员会提请ITTC各成员单位依照ANSI/ASME PTC 19.1开展测量不确定度评定以来,不确定度分析一直是热门议题.AIAA于1999年发布了风洞试验不确定度分析的指南.ITTC从1999年起逐步发布了一系列关于船模试验不确定度分析的规程.在这些规程中,由模型加工误差引起的水动力系数不确定度分量一般是通过水动力系数的(无量纲)表达式进行分析计算的.这种分析,从数学上是合理的,但从物理上分析和依据工程判断,有些则是相当不合理的,甚至是分析中的一个误区.文章列举了若干实例对此进行了阐述,并提出:对于因水动力无量纲化而引入的几何参数,其不确定度影响分量不能简单地依据所采用的无量纲表达式进行分析评定,而是要基于水动力学的分析进行合理的评定.     

基于测姿GPS及电子罗盘组合的姿态估计算法

针对低成本姿态测量应用需求,研究了由测姿GPS与电子罗盘组合的姿态估计算法。以捷联姿态误差模型为基础,利用等效倾角误差表示姿态误差,引入角速率误差作为状态参量,通过四元数微分方程推导等效倾角误差传递模型。从GPS双差载波相位测量方程和电子罗盘地磁矢量方程出发,从观测量的物理意义出发推导了等效倾角误差为状态参量的非线性观测方程。采用扩展卡尔曼滤波对姿态参数进行状态估计。车载实验表明该算法能够有效地提高姿态测量精度和系统的鲁棒性,具有较好的实用性。