柴油机双层隔振系统耦合振动主动控制仿真研究

本文针对双层隔振系统多自由度耦合振动的特性,设计了以ⅡR滤波器为基本组成单元的多输入多输出（MIMO）自适应控制器,推导出相应的自适应算法－多误差x-RLMS算法,并进行了双层隔振系统耦合振动主动控制的仿真研究,结果表明,控制算法有较好的收敛性与稳定性,取得了较好的控制效果。     

Error and optimism bias in toll road traffic forecasts

Traffic forecasts are employed in the toll road sector, inter alia, by private sector investors to gauge the bankability of candidate investment projects. Although much is written in the literature about the theory and practice of traffic forecasting, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the predictive accuracy of traffic forecasting models. This paper addresses that shortcoming by reporting the results from the largest study of toll road forecasting performance ever conducted. The author had access to commercial-in-confidence documentation released to project financiers and, over a 4-year period, compiled a database of predicted and actual traffic usage for over 100 international, privately financed toll road projects. The findings suggest that toll road traffic forecasts are characterised by large errors and considerable optimism bias. As a result, financial engineers need to ensure that transaction structuring remains flexible and retains liquidity such that material departures from traffic expectations can be accommodated.

GPS控制网约束平差时对起算数据精度的判别方法

布设GPS控制网时,要和本地原有坐标系的控制点联测,这会用到GPS控制网的约束平差,而约束平差往往会出现改正数较大、约束效果不理想的情况。本文在多年工作实践中分析出产生这种情况的几个原因, 提出了用组合法与尝试法对起算数据精度进行判别的方法,能较快地发现起算数据相对精度较低的点,快速进行 GPS网平差。     

Robust Principal Component Test in Gross Error Detection and Identification

Principle component analysis (PCA) based chi-square test is more sensitive to subtle gross errors and has greater power to correctly detect gross errors than classical chi-square test. However, classical principal component test (PCT) is non-robust and can be very sensitive to one or more outliers. In this paper, a Huber function liked robust weight factor was added in the collective chi-square test to eliminate the influence of gross errors on the PCT. Meanwhile, robust chi-square test was applied to modified simultaneous estimation of gross error (MSEGE) strategy to detect and identify multiple gross errors. Simulation results show that the proposed robust test can reduce the possibility of type II errors effectively. Adding robust chi-square test into MSEGE does not obviously improve the power of multiple gross error identification, the proposed approach considers the influence of outliers on hypothesis statistic test and is more reasonable.     

北斗导航卫星系统在铁路控制测量中的应用研究

为探讨北斗导航卫星系统静态测量模式在铁路控制测量中的适用性,利用基线重复性指标以及最小二乘法拟合得到固定误差和比例误差指标,基于连盐铁路控制网24 h连续观测数据,研究分析了基线向量实测精度。结果表明,单独使用北斗导航卫星系统进行静态测量,可以满足铁路五等测量精度要求;若结合GPS观测数据,能够有效提高静态测量精度和可靠性;增加观测时段长度,可以降低固定误差,但对比例误差的影响不明显。建议使用商用软件基于北斗导航卫星系统观测数据进行铁路控制测量时,将基线长度控制在15 km以内。     

调频式钢轨阻尼器安装偏差对钢轨振动衰减率的影响

为提高调频式钢轨阻尼器的减振降噪作用,本文基于谱元法建立简化计算模型,推导出钢轨单元的谱传递矩阵,再用BLOCH定理计算出钢轨振动衰减率。通过计算安装调频式钢轨阻尼器前后钢轨的振动衰减率,分析调频式钢轨阻尼器对钢轨振动衰减率的影响,并计算对比调频式钢轨阻尼器安装偏差的影响。结果表明:调频式钢轨阻尼器能大幅度提高自身工作频率附近的振动衰减率,在300,1 700 Hz附近均出现新的带隙,且钢轨一阶Pinned-pinned共振频率附近的带隙被拓宽,相应的衰减率峰值也得到提高;调频式钢轨阻尼器安装偏差会对500 Hz以上高频部分的振动衰减率产生影响,对500 Hz以内的几乎不会产生影响。     

自动照准型全站仪配合跟踪靶球测量可行性及精度验证研究

文章针对全站仪在船舶修造领域尚无法完全满足测量精度和效率的问题,提出了一种利用带有自动照准功能的全站仪配合跟踪靶球进行测量的方法,该方法实现了对测量目标的自动跟踪,消除了人工瞄准带来的人为误差,提高了测量数据的稳定性,同时,提高了转站测量时公共点的测量精度,降低了测量系统的整体误差,试验结果表明该方法具有实际可行性。     

基于改进的CREAM的LNG船卸货作业人因失误概率预测

为定量分析液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,LNG)船卸货过程中的人因失误概率,在认知可靠性与失误分析模型(Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Model,CREAM)的基础上,通过个体因素对情景环境影响机制进行调整,构建人因失误概率预测模型。采用该模型对LNG船卸货作业人因失误概率进行量化分析,获得不同阶段的失误概率数据,为LNG船卸货作业安全提供数据支持。经检验,该模型稳定、可靠。     

船舶横摇运动预测误差研究

通过对船舶横摇运动的预测误差与输入过去样本长度之间的关系进行研究,提出船舶横摇运动预测误差的经验公式,该公式可用于确定指定预测误差下的最小过去样本长度.采用小波-自回归算法模型进行横摇预测,统计分析预测均方根误差值与输入过去样本长度之间的关系,结果表明,预测过去样本长度与预测均方根误差之间遵循幂函数关系.     

基于非线性最小二乘的短线法节段预制线形控制研究

对于采用短线法节段预制拼装施工的预应力钢筋混凝土桥,节段预制过程中较小的误差都可能导致成桥线形较大的偏差。为控制短线法节段预制过程中产生的误差,以嘉绍大桥北岸引桥（为13联70 m跨预应力混凝土连续刚构桥,主梁为单箱双室斜腹板箱梁,采用短线法节段预制拼装施工）为背景,在对预制线形控制原理研究的基础上,提出基于非线性最小二乘的综合误差处理方法,并编制线形控制系统BSRI＿SLCS。该方法首先计算理论预制线形,其次建立预制线形整体坐标系与节段局部坐标系,实现节段控制点坐标在不同坐标系中的变换,然后根据实测数据进行误差分析,调整匹配节段的位置。该方法在嘉绍大桥北岸引桥短线法施工中应用结果显示,成桥线形与理论线形较为接近,证明该方法对预制线形控制是可行的。