CFD在轿车空调风道优化设计中的应用

利用三维不可压缩流体的k—着湍流模型,借助计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,建立了结构复杂的某典型轿车风道模型。以该轿车空调系统冷风吹面风道为例,利用FLUENT软件,对该风道的主体部分内气流流动进行了模拟与分析,并提出了改进方向。     

内燃机泄放失效机油存在的问题及解决方法

指出了内燃机油底壳上放油螺丝在使用中存在的问题 ,分析由此而引起的后果 ,提出了排放失效机油过程中所需达到的要求 ,介绍了内燃机机油专用放油阀门     

车用汽油机波动控制进气增压系统的设计

阐述了车用高速汽油机波动增压进行系统的设计。在此基础上，对波动控制进气增压系统及其人控制电路，控制原理进行了介绍。发动机台架试验结果表明，采用流动控制进气增压系统，能有效地改善发动机的高速性能。     

对二次空气改善车用汽油机排气净化效果的研究

在车用汽油机排气中CO和HC生成与热反应净化机理研究的基础上 ,通过试验探讨了二次空气对提高车用汽油机排气热反应净化效果的影响。研究结果表明 ,在发动机高速大负荷工况下 ,足量的二次空气能使CO和HC的排放浓度大幅度降低 ,而在发动机中等转速中小负荷工况下 ,由于排气温度低 ,二次空气对热反应净化效果影响不大     

Conformity: How VMT-speed distributions can affect mobile emission inventories

Transportation conformity is a US regulatory process that requires that transportation modeling be integrated with air quality modeling. Consequently, every change to either modeling process is undertaken with great scrutiny by the regional governments, who have to use the models for demonstrating conformity. This paper explores the "trip versus link debate," which stems from the fact that the standard travel demand models used by most metropolitan planning organizations are primarily link oriented, while the air quality models have been primarily trip oriented. Using the Sacramento region we examine the effects on mobile source emissions inventories when speed-VMT distributions are constructed using the trip and link-based philosophies. The results of our study indicate that trip-based VMT-speed distributions produce consistently lower emissions estimates than the link-based distributions. We use the results to assert that deciding between a trip-based or link-based conformity modeling process involves more than the technical difficulty of changesto the models or the potential political ramifications, it involves assessing which method will provide the most accurate estimates of regional motor vehicle emissions. We also examine ways to think about constructing mobile source emission inventories.     

Elasticities for taxicab fares and service availability

This study utilizes a unique dataset from New York City to examine the effects of taxi fare increases on trip demand and the availability of taxi service. The elasticity of trip demand with respect to fares is estimated to be –0.22; the elasticity of service availability with respect to the taxi fare is 0.28; and the elasticity of service availability with respect to total supply of service is near 1.0. These results have important implications for taxi regulatory decisions. First, fare increases do substantially increase industry revenues but at a lesser rate than the percentage increase in the fare. The implication for policy-makers is that fare elasticities must be carefully considered to obtain desired improvements in drivers' earnings. Second, service availability -- an important aspect of service quality that is generally overlooked during fare policy debates -- should be a central consideration in fare setting, given the considerable impact of fares on availability. Finally, where the supply of cabs needs to be expanded, the number of cabs can be significantly increased without harming the revenue stream of existing operators. This finding alleviates a major industry objection to issuing additional taxicab licenses.     

Competition and public service obligations in European aviation markets

This paper analyzes the effect of universal service policies on the airline markets of five European Union countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) in the period 2002–2010. Results show that airfare discount schemes for island residents raise demand and positively affect competition and the number of flights at the route level. These effects are evident in France and Italy, but are particularly marked in Spain. By contrast, public service obligations (PSOs) reduce competition on the protected routes, while their effect on the number of flights differs depending on national regulations. In Spain, routes protected with PSOs have greater flight frequencies than those on unprotected routes of similar characteristics, but in France, Italy and the UK the opposite result is found. The empirical model also finds that on routes with low-cost airlines market concentration is smaller and there is a larger number of flights. This result is relevant for the design of universal service policy, since in recent years low-cost airlines have entered a number of thin routes and have increased access to air transportation.     

机车车辆用新型空气过滤器概述

对机车车辆用传统空气过滤器存在的问题进行分析,介绍一种适合机车车辆用新型空气过滤器的结构特点、过滤原理、主要性能及试验情况等。     

地铁车辆专用空气净化器及其应用

阐述了地铁车厢空气消毒净化的必要性，介绍了地铁车辆专用空气净化器的技术原理与使用、净化效果，并对地铁车辆专用空气净化器的光等离子空气净化方法与传统净化方法进行了分析比较。经深圳地铁3号线车辆应用及杀菌消毒效果检验，结果表明该净化器实用、有效。     

客车空气弹簧悬架分析与研究

对空气弹簧悬架的发展进行了阐述,同时分析了空气弹簧悬架组成、结构、计算方法及空气弹簧悬架的关键技术.