沥青路面结构非线性分析的现状与展望

阐述了沥青路面所用材料的分类及基本特性,介绍了国内沥青路面结构非线性分析的现状,给出了各类材料在路面受力分析中所用的本构关系,说明了沥青路面结构非线性分析的重要意义与广阔前景。     

改性沥青在高等级公路上的应用研究

通过对几种改性沥青的系统研究，分析了改性沥青改性效果的影响因素，探讨了改性剂、沥青的选择原则以及改性剂剂量的确定方法，研究认为，改性沥青在高等级公路上有着良好的应用前景。     

摊铺机压实机构的一种非线性动力学理论研究

借助３自由度的摊铺机压实机构的非线性动力学模型，研究了该压实机构中的有关部件的振动规律，分析了构成这些振动信号的有关成分随激振频率、激振力大小以及熨平板平台自身重量等变化而变化的规律，这些对摊铺的开发研制等具有重要的参考价值。     

软土地基水平受荷桩基础力学性能研究

通过国内不同规范和文献的对比研究以及工程实例分析,建议以桩基地面水平位移达到6 mm的水平荷载作为桩基横轴向容许承载力,或者采用建筑桩基规范桩基水平承载力公式估算。考虑到软土地基桩土作用非线性的特点,引入了NL法对水平受荷桩内力和变形进行分析,建立了软土地基桩基在水平荷载作用下的精确分析方法;在相同的水平荷载作用下,采用m法计算的水平受荷桩变形值和内力值要比采用NL法计算的数值分别增大150%、15%左右,采用m法进行水平受荷桩设计时偏于保守。     

钢桥面板纵肋顶板焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展的关键影响因素

正交异性钢桥面板疲劳问题突出，纵肋与顶板焊缝处是其关键疲劳易损部位，研究该部位疲劳裂纹的扩展过程并确定关键影响因素及其效应，有助于深刻理解其疲劳损伤机理。建立正交异性钢桥面板疲劳试验节段模型的有限元分析模型，将纵肋与顶板焊缝焊根处的疲劳裂纹近似为半椭圆形裂纹，基于断裂力学实现其扩展全过程的三维数值模拟。在此基础上研究初始裂纹的纵向位置和初始裂纹形状对疲劳裂纹扩展过程的影响，阐明扩展过程中的疲劳裂纹的形状变化，以及疲劳裂纹关键部位应力强度因子幅值的变化规律。研究表明：对于典型的正交异性钢桥面板纵肋与顶板焊缝，在纵向一段范围内，初始裂纹的纵向位置对裂纹扩展的影响不大；初始裂纹形状对裂纹扩展的影响主要体现在裂纹扩展的初始阶段，经过一段时间的扩展之后，不同形状的初始裂纹将演变为相对稳定的形状；持续一段时间后，裂纹将逐渐变得较为扁长；疲劳裂纹在深度方向上扩展超过约顶板厚度一半时，最深点的扩展速率将会减慢；深度相同的裂纹，形状越扁长时越倾向于向深度方向扩展，越不扁长时越倾向于向长度方向扩展。     

船舶机损事故人误原因因素的层次分析法

基于认知系统工程分类方法，应用层次分析法构建了船舶机损事故人误原因因素结构模型，将成对比较矩阵的特征向量作为因素的权重，确定相关因素的影响力排序。给出了一种识别船舶机损事故中人误原因主要影响因素的实用方法，并针对性地提出相应预防措施，减少船舶机损事故提供可靠的理论依据。     

Optimal selection of suspension parameters in large scale vehicle models

Optimum values are selected for the suspension damping and stiffness parameters of complex car models, subjected to road excitation, by applying suitable numerical methodologies. These models result from a detailed finite-element discretisation and possess a relatively large number of degrees of freedom. They also involve strongly nonlinear characteristics, due mostly to large rigid body rotation of some of their components and the properties of the connection elements. First, attention is focused on gaining some insight into the dynamics of the mechanical models examined, resulting when the vehicle passes over roads involving typical geometric profiles. Then, the emphasis is shifted to presenting results obtained by applying appropriate optimisation methodologies. For this purpose, three classes of design criteria are first set up, referring to passenger ride comfort, suspension travel and car road holding and yielding the most important suspension stiffness and damping parameters. Originally, the optimisation is performed by forming a composite cost function and employing a single-objective optimisation method. Since the design criteria are conflicting, a multi-objective optimisation methodology is also set up and applied subsequently.     

城市轨道交通站点客流不确定性研究

为提高城市轨道交通站点客流预测的可靠性,在分析客流不确定性影响因素的基础上,基于ARIMA-GARCH模型,依据南京地铁珠江路站点客流数据对客流不确定性进行建模和预测,并从预测置信区间和无效覆盖率两方面与传统的时间序列进行对比分析,研究结果表明,ARIMA-GARCH能够较好地拟合客流波动情况,为城市轨道交通运营与管理提供理论依据。     

滑坡推力安全系数的讨论

不同安全系数定义下抗滑桩上推力设计值不同,探讨了不同安全系数下对滑坡推力设计值的影响,采用下滑力超载储备安全系数计算的滑坡推力设计值最大,同一强度储备安全系数的推力设计值大于双强度储备安全系数下的滑坡推力J设计值.提出了双强度储备安全系数的滑坡推力计算,此中定义更符合边(滑)坡破坏的实际情况,传统的滑坡推力设计采用下滑...     

Liner ship route schedule design with port time windows

This paper examines a practical tactical liner ship route schedule design problem, which is the determination of the arrival and departure time at each port of call on the ship route. When designing the schedule, the availability of each port in a week, i.e., port time window, is incorporated. As a result, the designed schedule can be applied in practice without or with only minimum revisions. This problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear nonconvex optimization model. In view of the problem structure, an efficient holistic solution approach is proposed to obtain global optimal solution. The proposed solution method is applied to a trans-Atlantic ship route. The results demonstrate that the port time windows, port handling efficiency, bunker price and unit inventory cost all affect the total cost of a ship route, the optimal number of ships to deploy, and the optimal schedule.