导流块对高速检测车空调系统进出风口压力影响的数值分析

以不可压缩黏性N-S方程和RNGk-ε湍流模型为基础,对4辆编组检测车以350km/h速度明线运行的空气流场进行了数值分析,针对空调导流块对检测车空调表面压力分布的影响进行了研究。先后对安装导流块、改变冷凝风机进出风方向及去掉导流块3种设计方案明线运行的外流场进行了数值模拟,得到3种设计方案气动特性及空调冷凝风机进出风口压力差的定量结果。计算结果表明,去掉导流块并不利于冷凝风机的进出风,而安装导流块、改变冷凝风机进出风方向的方案是较好的设计方案。     

基坑开挖对紧邻建筑物沉降影响的数值分析

该文介绍了采用数值模拟方法对某地道工程基坑对临近建筑物的影响进行的分析。通过有限元模型,分析了南地道开挖过程对紧邻建筑物沉降的影响,并与监测数据对比。结果表明此方法计算值与监测值基本吻合,可以较好地模拟基坑紧邻建筑物的沉降规律。最后用此方法预测了北地道开挖对紧邻基坑北侧建筑物沉降的影响,对北地道工程施工有一定指导意义。     

浅埋隧道爆破施工中邻近框架结构的振动响应分析

为研究隧道爆破作用下邻近框架结构的振动响应机制，以某5层框架结构住宅楼为例，借助ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立基于隧道爆破-围岩-框架结构的三维耦合数值计算模型，分析隧道爆破施工中邻近框架结构的振动响应。研究结果表明： 数值模拟清晰地展示了隧道爆破作用下围岩和框架结构应力场、位移场的变化情况，给出了爆破振动波从围岩至框架结构的传播过程。通过对比实测测点与数值模拟中对应测点的振动速度时程曲线和频率分布，验证了数值模拟方法的可靠性。在隧道爆破作用下，邻近框架结构梁、柱以及外墙等构件的振动响应并不一致，随结构高度呈现出不同的变化规律。此外，应力集中现象主要发生在建筑物底层外墙、外墙与柱结合处、外墙与梁结合处以及外墙与楼板结合处等非承重部位，表明这些部位更易在隧道爆破过程中发生损伤开裂。     

Modeling the relationships among urban passenger travel carbon dioxide emissions,transportation demand and supply,population density,and proxy policy variables

To support the development of policies that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by encouraging reduced travel and increased use of efficient transportation modes, it is necessary to better understand the explanatory effects that transportation, population density, and policy variables have on passenger travel related CO₂ emissions. This study presents the development of a model of CO₂ emissions per capita as a function of various explanatory variables using data on 146 urbanized areas in the United States. The model takes into account selectivity bias resulting from the fact that adopting policies aimed at reducing emissions in an urbanized area may be partly driven by the presence of environmental concerns in that area. The results indicate that population density, transit share, freeway lane-miles per capita, private vehicle occupancy, and average travel time have a statistically significant explanatory effect on passenger travel related CO₂ emissions. In addition, the presence of automobile emissions inspection programs, which serves as a proxy indicator of other policies addressing environmental concerns and which could influence travelers in making environmentally favorable travel choices, markedly changes the manner in which transportation variables explain CO₂ emission levels.     

Mathematical properties and constraints representation for bottom-up approaches to the evaluation of GHG mitigation policies

Bottom-up models, including MARKAL, MESSAGE and AIM, are widely used when analyzing the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement policies. These bottom-up models are mostly formulated as a linear programming (LP) optimization model to find both the minimal cost combination of abatement technologies and energy flows while satisfying demands. It is not unusual that the bottom-up modeling involves a great number of technical, industrial, socioeconomic and environmental constraints. Investigating representative constraints needed for analyzing GHG abatement policies, this study proposes how to implement these constraints in bottom-up modeling.     

Dynamic demand estimation and microscopic traffic simulation of a university campus transportation network

Abstract

This article documents the authors' experience with the modeling, simulation, and analysis of a university transportation system, using the TRansportation ANalysis and SIMulation System (TRANSIMS). The processes of data preparation and network coding are described, followed by the algorithm developed to estimate the dynamic 24-hour demand, which includes a procedure for estimating the ‘desirability’ of the different parking lots from readily available data. The dynamic demand estimation algorithm is validated by comparing estimated and observed parking lot occupancies, where it is shown that the algorithm is capable of replicating observed results. Finally, an example is included to demonstrate how the developed model can be used in campus transportation planning. Besides serving as a first case study for using TRANSIMS to model a university campus, the study's contributions include the development of a procedure for parking lot desirability ranking and a practical procedure for estimating dynamic demand on university campuses.     

Personalized real-time traffic information provision: Agent-based optimization model and solution framework

The advancement of information and communication technology allows the use of more sophisticated information provision strategies for real-time congested traffic management in a congested network. This paper proposes an agent-based optimization modeling framework to provide personalized traffic information for heterogeneous travelers. Based on a space–time network, a time-dependent link flow based integer programming model is first formulated to optimize various information strategies, including elements of where and when to provide the information, to whom the information is given, and what alternative route information should be suggested. The analytical model can be solved efficiently using off-the-shelf commercial solvers for small-scale network. A Lagrangian Relaxation-based heuristic solution approach is developed for medium to large networks via the use of a mesoscopic dynamic traffic simulator.     

机械法联络通道施工自动导向及监测技术

机械法施工作为当今联络通道施工的发展方向,一方面因测量通道空间狭小和测站不规则位移等原因,其施工导向测量手段仍然停留在人工测量阶段,降低了机械法的施工效率;另一方面为掘进面附近受力管片的位移监测也多为人工方法,难以满足监测时效性的需求。为了同步解决机械法联络通道施工导向测量和监测的问题,开发了一套机械法联络通道自动导向系统。该系统基于高精度光纤陀螺的指北原理,采用光纤陀螺与双轴倾斜仪和目标棱镜组合构成导向靶,通过巧妙布设的基准棱镜和监测棱镜,在自动导向的同时也能够实现管片位移监测。     

新建管道施工对近距离既有隧道的影响及安全风险评估

以某上跨既有铁路隧道的输气管道施工项目为依托,对近距离涉铁工程建设影响进行综合分析。通过有限元数值模拟,分析管道施工各工序对既有隧道的受力影响,得到天然气管道及防护涵的施工对东龙山隧道稳定性基本无影响的结论。同时,采用专家调查法对既有隧道运营阶段的安全风险进行评估,认为管涵施工引起的安全风险可忽略,并提出相关风险控制措施。     

基于BIM的三维铁路路基建模应用研究

为推进铁路工程建设信息化发展,铁路设计行业大力推进BIM技术研究。通过对现阶段铁路站前专业BIM技术应用实例和路基二维辅助设计方法的广泛调研,提出一种基于运用自主研发的三维铁路路基辅助设计软件的建模方法,结合川藏线拉林段路基区间,完成建模流程和设计成果的展示。实践表明,三维设计有助于设计人员更为全面直观了解实际工程结构,新增可视化效果,提高设计精确性,为铁路路基设计行业带来新的设计理念和运用基础。