Numerical investigation of turbulence near a sheared air–water interface. Part 1: Turbulence statistics beneath a flat water surface sheared by wind

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent shear flow beneath a flat water surface with imposed wind shear stress are presented. The results of DNS indicate that there are clear differences, and also similarities, between wind-driven flow and the flow near a solid wall. The qualitative structures of turbulence are similar in both types of flow. Low-speed streaks are also present in wind-driven flow. On the other hand, profiles of the mean velocity and turbulence intensities in wind-driven flow are significantly different from those in flow near a solid wall. The differences are attributed to the lack of a viscous sublayer, and to the boundary condition which allows fluctuations of the tangential velocity components at the boundary. LES of the same flow was also carried out to evaluate subgrid-scale models. It was shown that the features of the flow observed in DNS are well simulated by all models tested, and that the discrepancies between DNS and LES with the dynamic mixed model are very small. Received: August 17, 2000 / Accepted: December 22, 2000     

Topological analysis of the formation of Jet-Wake flow pattern in centrifugal impeller channel

Topological analyses are carried out for the numerical results of internal flow field in centrifugal impeller. Topological rules of the singular point characteristics of the limiting streamline are derived and used to determine three dimensional separation patterns in centrifugal impeller and to verify the numerical results. The results reveal that the wake is saddle to nodal closed separation and the formation, its onset point and its developing process of Jet-Wake Flow pattern a in centrifugal impeller are presented in this paper.     

基于体积力法的半悬挂舵和全悬挂舵回转性对比

针对半悬挂舵和全悬挂舵回转性能差异问题,建立用于模拟螺旋桨推力的体积力模型,评估两种不同形式舵的回转性。对标模KCS船型回转运动进行计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD）模拟,船后螺旋桨作用使用体积力模型替代。开展半悬挂舵回转性CFD模拟,并与试验结果对比验证。设计全悬挂舵并模拟其回转性,与半悬挂舵回转性进行比较。结果显示,半悬挂舵除战术直径与试验结果相差9.48%外,其他回转特性参数与试验结果相差均在3%以内,说明基于体积力法模拟回转性具有较高的可信度。全悬挂舵的回转特性参数均优于半悬挂舵,说明全悬挂舵的回转性能更佳。     

复杂异形深基坑双环形内支撑体系 设计及受力变形特性

北京地铁 R4 线北京朝阳站地下 3 层和地下 4 层基坑具有平面几何形状复杂、各级基坑开挖深度不同以及 基坑周边附加荷载不对称等特点。为解决常规基坑支护方案不适应本基坑的问题,研发了直径不相等的双环形钢 筋混凝土内支撑体系并成功实施。详细介绍了双环形内支撑体系的布置、结构参数及施工步序,采用数值模拟方 法建立模拟基坑开挖支护的三维数值计算模型,并结合支护结构变形和受力的实测结果,探讨双环形内支撑体系 的受力和变形特性。结果表明：其围护结构变形、钢筋混凝土支撑和钢筋混凝土环梁的轴力、钢筋混凝土环梁收 敛等指标均满足控制值要求。工程实践表明：钢筋混凝土双环形内支撑体系具有布置方式灵活、对空间形状不规 则基坑具有较好的适应性、基坑内部作业空间开阔等优势。     

地铁车站深基坑施工变形规律及安全风险评估

以苏州市轨道交通S1线帆路站深基坑降水施工项目为工程背景,采用MIDAS GTS/NX建立有限元模型,分析基坑降水开挖过程中地下连续墙变形、基坑周围地表沉降、支撑轴力的变化规律,并对基坑降水施工的安全风险进行评估.结果 表明:地下连续墙的变形随深度增加逐渐增大,呈现为中间大、两头小的"勺"曲线型;基坑周围地表沉降分布形...     

高速铁路桥墩沉降与无砟轨道底座板脱空区域的映射关系

铁路桥梁是高速铁路系统中的重要组成部分,其健康状况对车辆运营安全具有重大影响.桥墩沉降会引起无砟轨道底座板产生脱空区域,给列车安全运行埋下隐患.分析桥梁上纵连板式无砟轨道底座板随桥墩沉降产生脱空区域的机理,推导桥墩沉降量与底座板脱空区域映射关系的解析表达式,计算底座板随桥墩沉降的位移曲线,并与有限元模型结果进行对比,最...     

水泥混凝土路面半刚性基层的孔隙水压力特性

基于多孔介质弹性理论,运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对水泥混凝土路面半刚性基层的孔隙水压力进行了数值模拟,计算了不同外部荷载和路面结构条件下的基层孔隙水压力分布规律。分析结果表明:在饱水状态下,基层孔隙水压力随面层厚度、面层模量、基层厚度与基层渗透系数的增大而减小,随基层模量的增大而增大,但面层和基层模量对孔隙水压力的影响不显著;孔隙水压力随交通荷载的增大而呈线性增大,在荷载相同时,荷载分布越密集,对基层孔隙水压力分布的影响越显著,加载模式只影响孔隙水压力的消散过程;孔隙水压力随行车速度的增大而增大,消散过程加快。     

CAE在波纹管成形数值模拟中的应用

文中应用有限元软件,对波纹管进行成形模拟分析。建模时须采用真实的结构参数,模拟波纹管成形过程。将有限元分析的结果同真实的试验数据对比,以验证分析精度,改进和优化成形工艺。试验证明：有限元法能够准确地对波纹管进行成形模拟分析,并且具有优越性,提高了波纹管的成形工艺水平。     

感潮河网区航道整治工程潮流数值模拟*

东江下游三角洲发生的河道采沙、航道整治等人类活动对该河网区河床形态的自然演变过程产生了较大影响,引起河网区水动力产生相应的调整。基于非结构网格有限体积法的二维潮流数学模型,对倒运海水道疏浚工程实施后二维潮流场进行模拟研究,并从动力场的角度分析河网区航道整治效果。计算结果表明,工程实施后对水流的影响主要集中在工程附近水域,对河道沿程水位及流速的影响较小,可为其它河网地区的航道整治工程提供参考。