Motorway crash duration and its determinants: do durations vary across motorways?

Traffic congestion has been a growing issue in many metropolitan areas during recent years, which necessitates the identification of its key contributors and development of sustainable strategies to help decrease its adverse impacts on traffic networks. Road incidents generally and crashes specifically have been acknowledged as the cause of a large proportion of travel delays in urban areas and account for 25% to 60% of traffic congestion on motorways. Identifying the critical determinants of travel delays has been of significant importance to the incident management systems, which constantly collect and store the incident duration data. This study investigates the individual and simultaneous differential effects of the relevant determinants on motorway crash duration probabilities. In particular, it applies parametric Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) hazard‐based models to develop in‐depth insights into how the crash‐specific characteristic and the associated temporal and infrastructural determinants impact the duration. AFT models with both fixed and random parameters have been calibrated on one year of traffic crash records from two major Australian motorways in South East Queensland, and the differential effects of determinants on crash survival functions have been studied on these two motorways individually. A comprehensive spectrum of commonly used parametric fixed parameter AFT models, including generalized gamma and generalized F families, has been compared with random parameter AFT structures in terms of goodness of fit to the duration data, and as a result, the random parameter Weibull AFT model has been selected as the most appropriate model. Significant determinants of motorway crash duration included traffic diversion requirement, crash injury type, number and type of vehicles involved in a crash, day of week and time of day, towing support requirement and damage to the infrastructure. A major finding of this research is that the motorways under study are significantly different in terms of crash durations; such that motorway 1 exhibits durations that are on average 19% shorter compared with the durations on motorway 2. The differential effects of explanatory variables on crash durations are also different on the two motorways. The detailed presented analysis confirms that looking at the motorway network as a whole, neglecting the individual differences between roads, can lead to erroneous interpretations of duration and inefficient strategies for mitigating travel delays along a particular motorway.     

Quasi steady-state aerodynamic model development for race vehicle simulations

Presented in this paper is a procedure to develop a high fidelity quasi steady-state aerodynamic model for use in race car vehicle dynamic simulations. Developed to fit quasi steady-state wind tunnel data, the aerodynamic model is regressed against three independent variables: front ground clearance, rear ride height, and yaw angle. An initial dual range model is presented and then further refined to reduce the model complexity while maintaining a high level of predictive accuracy. The model complexity reduction decreases the required amount of wind tunnel data thereby reducing wind tunnel testing time and cost. The quasi steady-state aerodynamic model for the pitch moment degree of freedom is systematically developed in this paper. This same procedure can be extended to the other five aerodynamic degrees of freedom to develop a complete six degree of freedom quasi steady-state aerodynamic model for any vehicle.     

车削加工物理仿真技术研究

提出获得工件廓形的“三瞬心成形法”,建立多误差作用下车削加工工件精度预测数理模型,可预测实际加工工件表面变化趋势,可显示工件在任一位置的加工精度。     

用Petri网对轨道区段和列车的建模研究

应用Petri网理论对轨道区段和列车的运行进行建模,为行车指挥提供了一个系统模拟和仿真的框架.作者在国内首次将Petri网应用于行车指挥自动化的研究,为列车的运行调整提供了列车及轨道区段的模型.     

基于HYSYS的船用双燃料发动机高压供气系统仿真

采用高压喷射气体燃料的低速二冲程LNG/柴油双燃料发动机对供气系统的供气能力及系统可靠性提出了较高要求,在高压供气系统的初始设计中对设计参数和设备选型等进行校核与评估尤为基础和必要。以针对某25000DWT LNG动力散货船设计的高压供气系统为例,采用油气系统工艺过程仿真软件Aspen HYSYS和换热器仿真单元软件Shell Tube Exchanger对系统在典型负荷下的工艺过程进行仿真,通过仿真值与设计值的对比,对高压供气系统的设计及设备选型进行分析。分析结果表明,高压供气系统的供气能力满足系统的设计要求,LNG高压气化/加热器的选型满足换热能力的要求且具有一定冗余。     

贵阳花溪苗圃二号大型连拱隧道数值计算

使用Abaqus有限元软件对贵阳花溪苗圃二号隧道的施工方案进行施工模拟计算。通过使用一系列数值分析技术,例如应力释放等,在有限元中体现了新奥法的设计理念。并且从分析结果中揭示了部分连拱隧道的特点,通过与监测数据对比得到了一些有价值的结论。     

客专CTCS2仿真系统控制中心数据结构设计与实现

基于图论和面向对象理论,介绍客专CTCS2仿真系统控制中心线路及车站数据结构的建模与设计,描述控制中心子系统初始化数据表单的设计和数据结构的生成算法.该数据结构的实现为控制中心提供基础数据结构,并能很好地服务于整个仿真系统.     

汽车仪表板设计及制造

概述汽车仪表板的分类、使用要求及其总布置设计和造型设计;简单介绍其制造常用的工艺及材料。     

基于公理设计方法的工程布局CAD系统设计

针对车辆动力舱的布局设计开发了一个支持完整布局设计流程的CAD系统.为了保证该软件的高效性与合理性,采用面向对象的软件设计的公理方法对该系统进行分析论证,最终得到软件的层次结构图、面向对象模型和流程图,用以指导软件的开发过程.