Data-driven train set crash dynamics simulation

Traditional finite element (FE) methods are arguably expensive in computation/simulation of the train crash. High computational cost limits their direct applications in investigating dynamic behaviours of an entire train set for crashworthiness design and structural optimisation. On the contrary, multi-body modelling is widely used because of its low computational cost with the trade-off in accuracy. In this study, a data-driven train crash modelling method is proposed to improve the performance of a multi-body dynamics simulation of train set crash without increasing the computational burden. This is achieved by the parallel random forest algorithm, which is a machine learning approach that extracts useful patterns of force–displacement curves and predicts a force–displacement relation in a given collision condition from a collection of offline FE simulation data on various collision conditions, namely different crash velocities in our analysis. Using the FE simulation results as a benchmark, we compared our method with traditional multi-body modelling methods and the result shows that our data-driven method improves the accuracy over traditional multi-body models in train crash simulation and runs at the same level of efficiency.     

列车流线型外形三维参数化CAD系统

随着提速的要求 ,高速列车外形的流线化设计已经成为一种趋势。介绍了二次开发三维参数化曲面建模 CAD系统的基本方法 ,基于 Auto CAD2 0 0 0平台 ,利用 Object ARX2 0 0 0和 VC 6.0技术开发了集成 CAD系统—— LSurf CAD,并介绍了系统的主要功能和界面。     

面向对象技术在标准件振动实验台管理软件中的应用

用Pascal语言和面向对象的程序设计方法,提出液压振动试验台管理系统软件的设计思想及其实现方法。     

面向对象的虚拟FMS建模及加工仿真

为解决柔性制造系统中资源重组引起的布局问题,采用面向对象的建模方法建立了柔性制造系统的虚拟仿真系统.该虚拟仿真系统通过对制造系统中各设备进行几何和行为建模,建立虚拟设备模型;采用生产计划流建立车间布局方案和调度模型.通过仿真,不仅能验证加工代码的正确性,还能根据加工工艺仿真结果分析布局的合理性和可行性,并对布局进行优化.最后,对2种布局进行了仿真,结果表明所建立的仿真系统是可行和有效的.     

应用网络流模型解决航班衔接问题

针对单枢纽机场航线结构的特点，以所需飞机数最少为目标，提出了一种描述航班衔接问题的图论模型及优化算法。首先将航班衔接问题转化为航班节的衔接问题，并建立一个描述航班节衔接问题的二部图，将航班衔接问题转化为二部图的最大匹配问题，然后由二部图生成一个具有单源汇网络特征的辅助图，利用Ford-Fulkerson算法求该网络的最大流，进而得到二部图的最大匹配，从而得到了一个需用飞机数最少的航班节衔接方案，为利用计算机自动编制并优化航班衔接方案提供了一种可行方法。并且通过调整过站时间上限，可以得出不同的航班衔接方案，为制订生产计划提供了必要的灵活性。     

A virtual environment for the formulation of policy packages

The interdependence and complexity of socio-technical systems and availability of a wide variety of policy measures to address policy problems make the process of policy formulation difficult. In order to formulate sustainable and efficient transport policies, development of new tools and techniques is necessary. One of the approaches gaining ground is policy packaging, which shifts focus from implementation of individual policy measures to implementation of combinations of measures with the aim of increasing efficiency and effectiveness of policy interventions by increasing synergies and reducing potential contradictions among policy measures. In this paper, we describe the development of a virtual environment for the exploration and analysis of different configurations of policy measures in order to build policy packages. By developing systematic approaches it is possible to examine more alternatives at a greater depth, decrease the time required for the overall analysis, provide real-time assessment and feedback on the effect of changes in the configurations, and ultimately form more effective policies. The results from this research demonstrate the usefulness of computational approaches in addressing the complexity inherent in the formulation of policy packages. This new approach has been applied to the formulation of policies to advance sustainable transportation.     

Application of advanced sampling for efficient probabilistic traffic modelling

In probabilistic traffic models, consideration of stochasticity in the dynamics of traffic gives a closer representation of a traffic system in comparison to that of a deterministic approach. Monte Carlo simulation is a broadly accepted method to consider variations in traffic within modelling. In this contribution, the possibility of increasing the efficiency of probabilistic traffic flow models using Monte Carlo simulation is analysed using variance reduction techniques and sequencing, for varied capacity and traffic demand values. The techniques of Importance Sampling, Latin Hypercube Sampling and Quasi-Random Sequencing are compared in a dynamic macroscopic traffic model to demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques for reduction of the computational load when considering multiple input variations. Demonstration of their efficiency in traffic modelling is expected to lead to a wider application of the methods in practice.     

Truck parking in urban areas: Application of choice modelling within traffic microsimulation

Urban truck parking policies include time restrictions, pricing policies, space management and enforcement. This paper develops a method for investigating the potential impact of truck parking policy in urban areas. An econometric parking choice model is developed that accounts for parking type and location. A traffic simulation module is developed that incorporates the parking choice model to select suitable parking facilities/locations. The models are demonstrated to evaluate the impact of dedicating on-street parking in a busy street system in the Toronto CBD. The results of the study show lower mean searching time for freight vehicles when some streets are reserved for freight parking, accompanied by higher search and walking times for passenger vehicles.     

Modelling and validation of coupled high-speed maglev train-and-viaduct systems considering support flexibility

This study presents a more realistic modelling of the maglev-based high-speed railway line in Shanghai, China. Focus is placed on an accurate simulation of the two subsystems: the train subsystem including the magnets and the viaduct subsystem including the modular function units of the rails. The electromagnet force–air gap model with a proportional-derivative (PD) controller is adopted to simulate the interaction between the maglev train via its electromagnets and the viaduct via its modular function units. The flexibilities of the rails, girders, piers and associated elastic bearings are all considered in the modelling of the viaduct subsystem to investigate their effects on an interaction between the two subsystems. By applying the proposed model to the Shanghai maglev line, the essential characteristics of the coupled system can be duly captured. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach are then validated by comparing the computed dynamic responses and frequencies with the measurement results. It is confirmed that the proposed modelling with a detailed simulation of the magnets and modular function units can duly account for the dynamic interaction between the train and viaduct systems. Moreover, the effects of the inclusion of the flexibilities of the rails, girders and elastic supports to the response of the coupled system are respectively investigated, the results of which prove that their involvements are essential to the accurate prediction of the response of the coupled maglev train–viaduct system.     

Validation of vehicle dynamics simulation models – a review

In this work, a literature survey on the validation of vehicle dynamics simulation models is presented. Estimating the dynamic responses of existing or proposed vehicles has a wide array of applications in the development of vehicle technologies, e.g. active suspensions, controller design, driver assistance systems, etc. Although simulation environments, measurement tools and mathematical theories on vehicle dynamics are well established, the methodical link between the experimental test data and validity analysis of the simulation model is still lacking. This report presents different views on the definition of validation, and its usage in vehicle dynamics simulation models.