船舶多自由度斜航运动水动力数值研究

计及多自由度运动的船舶斜航水动力预报对船舶航行安全具有重要意义。文章通过耦合求解船舶运动方程和雷诺平均N-S方程,并采用VOF方法和高精度自由面捕捉技术对作多自由度斜航运动船舶的粘性绕流场进行数值模拟。船舶动态平衡位置根据计算出的力和力矩来决定,得到包括升沉、纵倾和横倾在内的船舶浮态。文中采用的算例与爱荷华大学进行的模型试验相同,通过比较数值计算结果和试验值验证了该方法的有效性。对船模在受约束和自由运动两种状态下的船舶运动和流场进行模拟,通过比较分析船舶升沉、纵倾和横倾的影响。文中计算获得的详细流场细节特征,包括前体和舭部的涡以及船体表面上的压力,有助于理解船舶斜航运动浮态变化的机理。     

Damping of Oblique Ocean Waves by a Vertical Porous Structure Placed on a Multi-step Bottom

Oblique ocean wave damping by a vertical porous structure placed on a multi-step bottom topography is studied with the help of linear water wave theory. Some portion of the oblique wave, incident on the porous structure, gets reflected by the multi-step bottom and the porous structure, and the rest propagates into the water medium following the porous structure. Two cases are considered： first a solid vertical wall placed at a finite distance from the porous structure in the water medium following the porous structure and then a special case of an unbounded water medium following the porous structure. In both cases, boundary value problems are set up in three different media, the first medium being water, the second medium being the porous structure consisting ofp vertical regions-one above each step and the third medium being water again. By using the matching conditions along the virtualvertical boundaries, a system of linear equations is deduced. The behavior of the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave due to different relevant parameters are studied. Energy loss due to the propagation of oblique water wave through the porous structure is also carried out. The effects of various parameters, such as number of evanescent modes, porosity, friction factor, structure width, number of steps and angle of incidence, on the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted wave are studied graphically for both cases. Number of evanescent modes merely affects the scattering phenomenon. But higher values of porosity show relatively lower reflection than that for lower porosity. Oscillation in the reflection coefficient is observed for lower values of friction factor but it disappears with an increase in the value of friction factor. Amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave is independent of the porosity of the structure. But lower value of friction factor causes higher transmission. The investigation is then carried out for the second ca     

基于交通战略下优化结构设计的若干思考

针对我国公路建设行业既有的设计理念在交通战略大格局中暴露出的若干问题,对交通战略下我国现行结构设计理念进行了初步探讨,提出在战略高度上转变设计理念,以便更有利于现代化交通战略的实现。     

用于气体燃料的定容燃烧系统的开发与试验

开发了1种用于研究气体燃料燃烧特性的定容燃烧装置。该装置主要由燃烧弹本体、进排气、温控、压力采集、高速摄影及同步控制等系统组成。在该装置上进行了甲烷—空气混合气的燃烧试验,研究了混合气的初始压力、初始温度及当量比对燃烧压力的影响。结果表明:相同初始压力下,燃烧压力及压力峰值随初始温度的升高而降低,压力升高率有所增大;相同初始温度下,整个燃烧过程中的压力随初始压力升高而增大,压力升高率基本不随初始压力变化;随着的增加,燃烧压力峰值和压力升高率先增加后减小,并在φ=1.0时取得最大值,同时,燃烧压力出现峰值所用的时间随的增加先减少后增加,在φ=1.0时取得最小值。     

Computation of the viscous hydrodynamic forces on a KVLCC2 model moving obliquely in shallow water

The viscous hydrodynamic force and moment on ships moving obliquely in shallow water axe important for ship navigation safety. In the paper, the viscous flow field around a KVLCC2 model moving obliquely in shallow water is simulated and the hydrodynamic drag, lateral force and yaw moment acting on the hull are obtained by a general purpose computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package FLUENT with shear-stress transport (SST) k-w turbulence model. The numerical computation is performed at different drift angels and water depths. The numerical results are compared with experimental results, and a good agreement is demonstrated.     

基于倾斜摄影技术的铁路三维实景系统开发与应用

针对铁路沿线分布区域较广、地质环境复杂、无法及时获取沿线环境及违建物信息等情况,综合利用倾斜摄影等新技术手段,设计开发京张高铁三维实景系统.与传统的遥感卫星影像等展示方式相比,该系统能准确、完整地表达铁路沿线及周边各类建筑物,并将铁路建设期、竣工验收期及运营期的资料、数据进行集中式管理.该系统的应用实现了运维人员对高铁...     

肇庆西江特大桥动力特性分析

南广铁路肇庆西江特大桥为我国目前跨度最大(450 m)的钢箱提篮拱桥,根据大桥的结构特点,采用ANSYS建立了全桥空间有限元模型,利用分块兰卡斯方法计算了该桥的自振频率和振型,并探讨了拱肋内倾角对大跨度钢箱提篮拱桥动力特性的影响,可为该桥的健康监测、抗风和抗震分析提供前提条件和依据,并可为大跨度钢箱提篮拱桥的设计与动力...     

钢轨非对称打磨对车辆运行性能影响

针对钢轨斜裂纹特点提出钢轨非对称打磨技术以减轻和控制斜裂纹的形成与发展速率。利用SIMPACK动力学软件建立"蓝箭"号动车动力学分析模型,研究钢轨非对称打磨对列车运行性能的影响。研究结果表明:钢轨非对称打磨基本不影响车辆动力学性能和蠕滑行为;钢轨非对称打磨改变了轮轨接触几何参数,使轮轨接触点远离原内侧轨肩位置;钢轨非对称打磨通过改变钢轨廓形导致接触斑面积增大,明显降低轮轨最大接触应力;钢轨非对称打磨通过改变轮轨接触点分布和降低接触应力可减缓钢轨斜裂纹的萌生与扩展。     

高速铁路测量中高斯平面坐标与斜轴墨卡托平面坐标的转换

在高速铁路测量中,要求在建立平面坐标系时应满足投影的长度变形不超过10 mm/km。对于大致呈东西走向的线路来说,建立高斯平面坐标系时,为了控制长度投影变形,就要分多个投影带进行投影,这样就产生了多个高斯平面坐标系。墨卡托投影,既可以满足长度变形值要求,又可以有效解决因分带过多而带来的坐标系不统一问题。研究了高斯平面坐标向斜轴墨卡托平面坐标的转换模型,并且结合某条高速铁路测量数据进行了计算、分析和实际应用,表明本文研究的方法是正确的。     

精确测量裂纹缺陷的深度

产品表面检测时发现的裂纹缺陷,通过精确测量其深度,可以为产品后续处置提供关键的参考数据。文章对裂纹深度测量进行了相关研究,形成了适用于各类产品且方便、精确的裂纹深度测量方法。