整周模糊度改进算法研究与实现

介绍了在短基线状态下利用单频单历元双差载波相位定位时模糊度固定的基本理论.结合正则化理论和阻尼矩阵的思想,提出了一种用改进的正则化方程来改善法方程病态性的方法.算例分析表明,应用改进的正则化算法可以改善法矩阵的病态性,得到更加精确的浮动解,利用LAMBAD方法搜索可得到准确的整周模糊度解.     

Designing H∞/GH 2 static-output feedback controller for vehicle suspensions using linear matrix inequalities and genetic algorithms

This paper presents an approach to design the H_∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controller for vehicle suspensions by using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and genetic algorithms (GAs). Three main performance requirements for an advanced vehicle suspension are considered in this paper. Among these requirements, the ride-comfort performance is optimized by minimizing the H_∞ norm of the transfer function from the road disturbance to the sprung mass acceleration, while the road-holding performance and the suspension deflection limitation are guaranteed by constraining the generalized H₂ (GH ₂) norms of the transfer functions from the road disturbance to the dynamic tyre load and the suspension deflection to be less than their hard limits, respectively. At the same time, the controller saturation problem is considered by constraining its peak response output to be less than a given limit using the GH ₂ norm as well. A four-degree-of-freedom half-car model with active suspension system is applied in this paper. Several kinds of H_∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controllers, which use the available sprung mass velocities or the suspension deflections as feedback signals, are obtained by using the GAs to search for the possible control gain matrices and then resolving the LMIs together with the minimization optimization problem. These designed H_∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controllers are validated by numerical simulations on both the bump and the random road responses which show that the designed H_∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controllers can achieve similar or even better active suspension performances compared with the state-feedback control case in spite of their simplicities.     

基于遗传算法收敛特性的停机准则

关于遗传算法及改进遗传算法收敛问题的研究表明,理论上分析各类不同结构遗传算法的收敛性是可行的.对已被证明收敛的遗传算法,在计算过程中最突出的问题便是如何判断当前计算结果已经到达最优解从而停止迭代.文中从遗传算法收敛特点及不同种群中最优个体适应值的一致性、种群的多样性出发,提出判断算法自动停止迭代的依据.     

An innovative localisation algorithm for railway vehicles

In modern railway automatic train protection and automatic train control systems, odometry is a safety relevant on-board subsystem which estimates the instantaneous speed and the travelled distance of the train; a high reliability of the odometry estimate is fundamental, since an error on the train position may lead to a potentially dangerous overestimation of the distance available for braking. To improve the odometry estimate accuracy, data fusion of different inputs coming from a redundant sensor layout may be used. The aim of this work has been developing an innovative localisation algorithm for railway vehicles able to enhance the performances, in terms of speed and position estimation accuracy, of the classical odometry algorithms, such as the Italian Sistema Controllo Marcia Treno (SCMT). The proposed strategy consists of a sensor fusion between the information coming from a tachometer and an Inertial Measurements Unit (IMU). The sensor outputs have been simulated through a 3D multibody model of a railway vehicle. The work has provided the development of a custom IMU, designed by ECM S.p.a, in order to meet their industrial and business requirements. The industrial requirements have to be compliant with the European Train Control System (ETCS) standards: the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), a project developed by the European Union to improve the interoperability among different countries, in particular as regards the train control and command systems, fixes some standard values for the odometric (ODO) performance, in terms of speed and travelled distance estimation. The reliability of the ODO estimation has to be taken into account basing on the allowed speed profiles. The results of the currently used ODO algorithms can be improved, especially in case of degraded adhesion conditions; it has been verified in the simulation environment that the results of the proposed localisation algorithm are always compliant with the ERTMS requirements. The estimation strategy has good performance also under degraded adhesion conditions and could be put on board of high-speed railway vehicles; it represents an accurate and reliable solution. The IMU board is tested via a dedicated Hardware in the Loop (HIL) test rig: it includes an industrial robot able to replicate the motion of the railway vehicle. Through the generated experimental outputs the performances of the innovative localisation algorithm have been evaluated: the HIL test rig permitted to test the proposed algorithm, avoiding expensive (in terms of time and cost) on-track tests, obtaining encouraging results. In fact, the preliminary results show a significant improvement of the position and speed estimation performances compared to those obtained with SCMT algorithms, currently in use on the Italian railway network.     

基于时间依赖网络的车辆调度问题研究

针对城市道路交通存在的不确定性问题,提出将动态车辆调度问题置于时间依赖网络的思想,建立了包括车辆固定成本费用、路阻费用和违反时间窗约束费用在内的广义费用最小化数学模型,采用改进的蚁群算法进行优化求解。仿真实验表明,该方法充分利用了城市道路交通时变性所呈现的周期性特点,是运输与物流企业进行车辆调度时节约成本的有效方法。     

A design methodology for mechatronic vehicles: application of multidisciplinary optimization, multibody dynamics and genetic algorithms

A design methodology for mechatronic vehicles is presented. With multidisciplinary optimization (MDO) methods, strongly coupled mechanical, control and other subsystems are integrated as a synergistic vehicle system. With genetic algorithms (GAs) at the system level, the mechanical, control and other relevant parameters can be optimized simultaneously. To demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed design methodology for mechatronic vehicles, it is used to resolve the conflicting requirements for ride comfort, suspension working spaces and unsprung mass dynamic loads in the optimization of half-vehicle models with active suspensions. Both deterministic and random road excitations, both rigid and flexible vehicle bodies and both perfect measurement of full state variables and estimated limited state variables are considered. Numerical results show that the optimized vehicle systems based on the methodology have better overall performance than those using the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller. It is shown that the methodology is suitable for complex design optimization problems where: (1) there is interaction between different disciplines or subsystems; (2) there are multiple design criteria; (3) there are multiple local optima; (4) there is no need for sensitivity analysis for the optimizer at the system level; and (5) there are multiple design variables.     

矿用无人运输车辆轨迹跟踪控制算法研究

矿用无人运输车辆作业环境恶劣,存在大曲率弯道、坡道等非结构化道路明显特征,对无人化运输控制要求高。为改善PID等传统控制算法适应性问题,提高无人驾驶轨迹跟踪的车辆横纵向控制精度,提出一种纯跟踪与PID结合的多点预瞄横向控制、考虑模糊控制表参数拟合的纵向控制方法,减少控制参数的同时提高算法效果。根据传统控制算法设计基础控制器,结合基础算法优势进行横向与纵向控制算法设计,通过硬件在环仿真和实车测试验证算法的性能。试验结果表明,横向控制算法与斯坦利算法相比,车辆路径跟踪精度有明显改善,纵向控制方面,速度跟随误差<1 km/h,保证了车辆驾驶时的平稳性与舒适性。     

全局演化局部模拟优化技术在汽车结构参数优化中的应用

本文将演化算法与模拟退火算法集成，提出一种适用的全局演化局部模拟优化技术，该技术使用演化算法在解空间通过较少代数的化为模拟退火算法提供一个良好的算法构形，在此基础上，通过退火方式寻找全局最优解。本文探讨了在该算法在汽车操纵稳定性评价与结构优化中的应用问题。优化以最小化汽车操纵稳定性综合评价指标为目标对评价参数与结构参数进行优化。使用优化参数在双移线条件下对四自由度汽车动力学模型的操纵稳定性进行仿真研究。通过仿真对比分析了演化算法与模拟退火算法，本文使用的算法继承了这两种算法的优点。研究结果表明：使用全局演化局部模拟优化技术所得综合评价指标值最小。耗用CPU时间也最少，而且所得优化参数使得人－车闭环系统跟随预期路径的精度提高约58．31％，而使综合评价指标值下降约37．35％。     

遗传算法优化施工网络计划的多种资源均衡

建立遗传算法的数学模型 ,研究遗传算子和求解的边界条件 ,在双代号网络计划中 ,将多种资源 (人工、材料、机械 )的消耗数量进行数字化 ,从而获得多种资源数字的合成分布 ,按多目标优化的条件 ,使多种资源均衡使用的数列能够达到最优分布 .结果表明 ,计算速度快 ,精度高 ,对技术复杂的大型公路桥梁工程有广泛的运用前景 .     

An integrated multi‐objective model to determine the optimal rescue path and traffic controlled arcs for disaster relief operations under uncertainty environments

This study proposes an integrated multi‐objective model to determine the optimal rescue path and traffic controlled arcs for disaster relief operations under uncertainty environments. The model consists of three sub‐models: rescue shortest path model, post‐disaster traffic assignment model, and traffic controlled arcs selection model to minimize four objectives: travel time of rescue path, total detour travel time, number of unconnected trips of non‐victims, and number of police officers required. Since these sub‐models are inter‐related with each other, they are solved simultaneously. This study employs genetic algorithms incorporated with traffic assignment and K‐shortest path methods to determine optimal rescue path and controlled arcs. To cope with uncertain information associated with the damaged network, fuzzy system reliability theory (weakest t‐norm method) is used to measure the access reliability of rescue path. To investigate the validity and applicability of the proposed model, studies on an exemplified case and a field case of Chi‐Chi earthquake in Taiwan are conducted. The performances of three rescue strategies: without traffic control, selective traffic control (i.e. the proposed model) and absolute traffic control are compared. The results show that the proposed model can maintain the efficiency of rescue activity with minimal impact to ordinary trips and number of police officers required.