BM算法的研究与改进

随着网络的迅速发展，网络安全问题日益突出，入侵检测技术也成为当今社会关注的焦点.对于基于规则的入侵检测来说，模式匹配算法非常重要，它直接影响到系统的准确性和实时性能.文中介绍了KMP和BM算法，对BM算法的改进进行了研究，并提出一种改进的BM算法，改进后的算法极大地提高了匹配速度．     

基于疲劳性能的沥青混合料组成优化

分析了沥青混合料组成结构对其疲劳性能的影响,采用BP神经网络和遗传算法相结合的方法,以疲劳性能为目标进行了沥青混合料性能优化设计,获得了4.75mm筛孔通过率、0.075mm筛孔通过率、粉胶比、空隙率与疲劳性能之间的关系,为更好地以性能为中心进行沥青混合料设计提供了参考.     

A distributed origin–destination demand estimation approach for real-time traffic network management

Abstract

This paper describes a distributed recursive heuristic approach for the origin–destination demand estimation problem for real-time traffic network management applications. The distributed nature of the heuristic enables its parallelization and hence reduces significantly its processing time. Furthermore, the heuristic reduces dependency on historical data that are typically used to map the observed link flows to their corresponding origin–destination pairs. In addition, the heuristic allows the incorporation of any available partial information on the demand distribution in the study area to improve the overall estimation accuracy. The heuristic is implemented following a hierarchal multi-threading mechanism. Dividing the study area into a set of subareas, the demand of every two adjacent subareas is merged in a separate thread. The merging operations continue until the demand for the entire study area is estimated. Experiments are conducted to examine the performance of the heuristic using hypothetical and real networks. The obtained results illustrate that the heuristic can achieve reasonable demand estimation accuracy while maintaining superiority in terms of processing time.     

Designing H ∞/GH 2 static-output feedback controller for vehicle suspensions using linear matrix inequalities and genetic algorithms

This paper presents an approach to design the H _∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controller for vehicle suspensions by using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and genetic algorithms (GAs). Three main performance requirements for an advanced vehicle suspension are considered in this paper. Among these requirements, the ride-comfort performance is optimized by minimizing the H _∞ norm of the transfer function from the road disturbance to the sprung mass acceleration, while the road-holding performance and the suspension deflection limitation are guaranteed by constraining the generalized H ₂ (GH ₂) norms of the transfer functions from the road disturbance to the dynamic tyre load and the suspension deflection to be less than their hard limits, respectively. At the same time, the controller saturation problem is considered by constraining its peak response output to be less than a given limit using the GH ₂ norm as well. A four-degree-of-freedom half-car model with active suspension system is applied in this paper. Several kinds of H _∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controllers, which use the available sprung mass velocities or the suspension deflections as feedback signals, are obtained by using the GAs to search for the possible control gain matrices and then resolving the LMIs together with the minimization optimization problem. These designed H _∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controllers are validated by numerical simulations on both the bump and the random road responses which show that the designed H _∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controllers can achieve similar or even better active suspension performances compared with the state-feedback control case in spite of their simplicities.     

Evaluation of odometry algorithm performances using a railway vehicle dynamic model

In modern railway Automatic Train Protection and Automatic Train Control systems, odometry is a safety relevant on-board subsystem which estimates the instantaneous speed and the travelled distance of the train; a high reliability of the odometry estimate is fundamental, since an error on the train position may lead to a potentially dangerous overestimation of the distance available for braking. To improve the odometry estimate accuracy, data fusion of different inputs coming from a redundant sensor layout may be used. Simplified two-dimensional models of railway vehicles have been usually used for Hardware in the Loop test rig testing of conventional odometry algorithms and of on-board safety relevant subsystems (like the Wheel Slide Protection braking system) in which the train speed is estimated from the measures of the wheel angular speed. Two-dimensional models are not suitable to develop solutions like the inertial type localisation algorithms (using 3D accelerometers and 3D gyroscopes) and the introduction of Global Positioning System (or similar) or the magnetometer. In order to test these algorithms correctly and increase odometry performances, a three-dimensional multibody model of a railway vehicle has been developed, using Matlab-Simulink?, including an efficient contact model which can simulate degraded adhesion conditions (the development and prototyping of odometry algorithms involve the simulation of realistic environmental conditions). In this paper, the authors show how a 3D railway vehicle model, able to simulate the complex interactions arising between different on-board subsystems, can be useful to evaluate the odometry algorithm and safety relevant to on-board subsystem performances.     

Design of an optimised wheel profile for rail vehicles operating on two-track gauges

This article sets out an optimum synthesis methodology for wheel profiles of railway vehicles in order to secure good dynamic behaviour with different track configurations. Specifically, the optimisation process has been applied to the case of rail wheelsets mounted on double-gauge bogies that move over two different gauges, which also have different types of rail: the Iberian gauge (1668 mm) and the International Union of Railways (UIC) gauge (1435 mm). Optimisation is performed using Genetic Algorithms and traditional optimisation methods in a complementary way. The objective function used is based on an ideal equivalent conicity curve which ensures good stability on straight sections and also proper negotiation of curves. To this end, the curve is constructed in such a way that it is constant with a low value for small lateral wheelset displacements (with regard to stability), and increases as the displacements increase (to facilitate negotiation of curved sections). Using this kind of ideal conicity curve also enables a wheel profile to be secured where the contact points have a larger distribution over the active contact areas, making wear more homogeneous and reducing stresses. The result is a wheel profile with a conicity that is closer to the target conicity for both gauges studied, producing better curve negotiation while maintaining good stability on straight sections of track. The article shows the resultant wheel profile, the contact curves it produces, and a number of dynamic analyses demonstrating better dynamic behaviour of the synthesised wheel on curved sections with respect to the original wheel.     

A comparison of various algorithms to extract Magic Formula tyre model coefficients for vehicle dynamics simulations

Tyre models are a prerequisite for any vehicle dynamics simulation. Tyre models range from the simplest mathematical models that consider only the cornering stiffness to a complex set of formulae. Among all the steady-state tyre models that are in use today, the Magic Formula tyre model is unique and most popular. Though the Magic Formula tyre model is widely used, obtaining the model coefficients from either the experimental or the simulation data is not straightforward due to its nonlinear nature and the presence of a large number of coefficients. A common procedure used for this extraction is the least-squares minimisation that requires considerable experience for initial guesses. Various researchers have tried different algorithms, namely, gradient and Newton-based methods, differential evolution, artificial neural networks, etc. The issues involved in all these algorithms are setting bounds or constraints, sensitivity of the parameters, the features of the input data such as the number of points, noisy data, experimental procedure used such as slip angle sweep or tyre measurement (TIME) procedure, etc. The extracted Magic Formula coefficients are affected by these variants. This paper highlights the issues that are commonly encountered in obtaining these coefficients with different algorithms, namely, least-squares minimisation using trust region algorithms, Nelder–Mead simplex, pattern search, differential evolution, particle swarm optimisation, cuckoo search, etc. A key observation is that not all the algorithms give the same Magic Formula coefficients for a given data. The nature of the input data and the type of the algorithm decide the set of the Magic Formula tyre model coefficients.     

A context aware system for driving style evaluation by an ensemble learning on smartphone sensors data

There are many systems to evaluate driving style based on smartphone sensors without enough awareness from the context. To cover this gap, we propose a new system namely CADSE system to consider the effects of traffic levels and car types on driving evaluation. CADSE system includes three subsystems to calibrate smartphone, to classify the maneuvers, and to evaluate driving styles. For each maneuver, the smartphone sensors data are gathered in three successive time intervals referred as pre-maneuver, in-maneuver, and post-maneuver times. Then, we extract some important mathematical and experimental features from these data. Afterwards, we propose an ensemble learning method on these features to classify the maneuvers. This ensemble method includes decision tree, support vector machine, multi-layer perceptron, and k-nearest neighbors. Finally, we develop a rule-based fuzzy inference system to integrate the outputs of these algorithms and to recognize dangerous and safe maneuvers. CADSE saves this result in driver’s profile to consider more for dangerous driving recognition. The experimental results show that accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure of CADSE system are greater than 94%, 92%, 92%, and 93%, respectively that prove the system efficiency.     

基于遗传算法的UUV快速性和能源系统综合优化分析

水下无人航行器(UUV)的总体优化设计一般由快速性、操纵性、结构强度、能源系统等系统构成,各个系统之间耦合,综合考虑各系统间的耦合作用对于UUV的设计至关重要,本文针对UUV快速性和能源系统综合优化的问题进行研究,主要工作有:根据艇型特点选择了19个相关设计变量,构建了约束条件,综合考虑各性能指标,建立了UUV快速性和能源系统综合目标函数;利用VC++语言,编制了基于遗传算法的UUV快速性和能源系统综合优化程序,从UUV快速性和能源系统的角度选取7个较敏感的设计变量进行了敏感度分析。通过计算表明,该优化系统准确可靠,平行中体长度、回转体直径和3 kn航速航行时间对优化系统较为敏感。     

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采用混合整数优化方法,研究城市公交系统宏观网络优化整合问题. 根据区域间服务水平要求、公交供给能力以及满足一定乘客出行要求,构造公交系统宏观网络优化整合多目标模型,该多目标函数考虑乘客总出行时间成本、各公交方式的建设总费用、各公交方式的能耗和污染物排放总费用、枢纽建设总费用最优;并给出最优解的多方案求解步骤;针对多节点采用Branch-Cut算法进行求解,提高求解效率;通过算例对模型和算法的可行性和有效性进行了验证,说明该算法可得出不同发展阶段下的公交宏观网络最优布局方案;结果表明,提出的模型与算法能对城市公交宏观网络布局提供辅助决策支持.