声学探测技术在海底管线调查中的应用

传统管线探测多采用电磁法,存在管线定位误差大,管线埋深不易确定等缺点,采用声学探测法能弥补电磁法的以上不足,本文以山东某地海底石油、注水管线探测为实例,介绍了Geo Puls声学管线探测系统、野外工作方法及资料处理。     

对射式激光车速检测器在车速采集中的应用方法

该文论述了运用对射式激光车速检测器获取车速数据的观测方法、实施过程,分析了实地测速过程中发现的问题及其解决方法。激光测速方法的可行性、可靠性在实地采集车速的过程中得到了验证。对运用对射式激光测定车速方法的探索,为今后的有关运行车速的研究的数据采集工作提供了方法指南。     

基于 LaBr3探测器和数字化多道的便携式γ谱仪研制

连续监控燃料元件的完整性是保证反应堆安全运行和人员辐射安全的重要措施之一。介绍一种便携式γ谱仪的研制情况,用于主冷却剂中放射性核素的现场识别及其活度浓度的监测分析。采用铝合金材料包裹1″×1″的 LaBr3晶体、CR173型光电倍增管和前置放大器作为探测器。脉冲信号经线性放大器和 AD变换后进入以FP-GA为核心的数字化多道系统,再用 ARM嵌入式系统完成能谱数据的读取、分析处理和人机交互。测试结果表明,该便携式谱仪的主要指标能够初步满足一回路水现场监测的需求。     

Using stop bar detector information to determine turning movement proportions in shared lanes

Turning vehicle volumes at signalized intersections are critical inputs for various transportation studies such as level of service, signal timing, and traffic safety analysis. There are various types of detectors installed at signalized intersections for control and operation. These detectors have the potential of producing volume estimates. However, it is quite a challenge to use such detectors for conducting turning movement counts in shared lanes. The purpose of this paper was to provide three methods to estimate turning movement proportions in shared lanes. These methods are characterized as flow characteristics (FC), volume and queue (VQ) length, and network equilibrium (NE). FC and VQ methods are based on the geometry of an intersection and behavior of drivers. The NE method does not depend on these factors and is purely based on detector counts from the study intersection and the downstream intersection. These methods were tested using regression and genetic programming (GP). It was found that the hourly average error ranged between 4 and 27% using linear regression and 1 to 15% using GP. A general conclusion was that the proposed methods have the potential of being applied to locations where appropriate detectors are installed for obtaining the required data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Isocyanic acid and ammonia in vehicle emissions

Vehicles are considered to be an important source of ammonia (NH₃) and isocyanic acid (HNCO). HNCO and NH₃ have been shown to be toxic compounds. Moreover, NH₃ is also a precursor in the formation of atmospheric secondary aerosols. For that reason, real-time vehicular emissions from a series of Euro 5 and Euro 6 light-duty vehicles, including spark ignition (gasoline and flex-fuel), compression ignition (diesel) and a plug-in electric hybrid, were investigated at 23 and −7 °C over the new World harmonized Light-duty vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) in the Vehicle Emission Laboratory at the European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy. The median HNCO emissions obtained for the studied fleet over the WLTC were 1.4 mg km⁻¹ at 23 °C and 6 mg km⁻¹ at −7 °C. The fleet median NH₃ emission factors were 10 mg km⁻¹ and 21 mg km⁻¹ at 23 and −7 °C, respectively. The obtained results show that even though three-way catalyst (TWC), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and NOx storage catalyst (NSC) are effective systems to reduce NOx vehicular emissions, they also lead to considerable emissions of the byproducts NH₃ and/or HNCO. It is also shown that diesel light-duty vehicles equipped with SCR can present NH₃ emission factors as high as gasoline light-duty vehicles at both, 23 and −7 °C over the WLTC. Therefore, with the introduction in the market of this DeNOx technology, vehicular NH₃ emissions will increase further.     

A low-cost video-based pavement distress screening system for low-volume roads

This study investigates the use of consumer-grade video camera to develop a low-cost pavement distress screening system, with a particular focus on low-volume roads. Due to the oblique view of video data captured in the car front, existing crack detection algorithms that are tailor-made for nadir view cannot be used directly. Instead, we propose and develop a Video-based PAvement Distress Screening (VPADS) system, which includes an automatic data processing workflow by first defining a Region of Interest (RoI) through robust line fitting of the two side lanes. The pavement condition can be assessed within the RoI by implementing a multi-scale ridge detection filter followed by a boundary contour analysis. Since the proposed VPADS system is designed for preliminary screening purpose, each video image scene is examined if there exists any potential crack or distress feature(s). We tested the proposed system on video data collected for two low-volume roads (Highway 624 and 668) in Northern Ontario region, Canada. The overall accuracy of detecting crack and distress features yielded 80%. Instead of replacing traditional field inspection or high-end multi-sensor pavement evaluation system, the proposed VPADS system aims to provide a computer-aided screening solution for transportation authorities of a vast rural road/highway network and with limited inspection budget. The scope of the work can be further expanded by developing a crowdsensing inspection network built by any regular road user, who can also act as a data provider for the regional/municipal pavement distress screening system.     

基于机器视觉的公路交通标志自动化巡检系统

针对既有交通标志巡检的调查手段和分析方法存在的成本高、效率低、精度低的弊端,提出了一种基于机器视觉的公路交通标志自动化巡检系统,实现对公路交通标志的移动式实时检测与分析。首先利用YOLO （You Only Look Once） 算法,将机器视觉技术运用到交通标志的检测中,加快了检测速度。然后给出了交通标志自动化巡检系统的系统构架、系统结构与功能及数据管理方案。最后利用该系统进行实测。实测结果显示,该自动化巡检系统能够准确地检测交通标志、道路标线及路面坑塘,具有较高的测试精度及较好的测试效果。     

基于单路口感应控制系统的单位绿灯延时研究

在单路口感应控制系统中,单位绿灯延时对于感应信号控制的效率起决定性的作用,合理的单位绿灯延时可以消除为等待少数车辆而浪费的绿灯时间,使绿灯延时高效运行,从而可提高通行能力,降低延误,减少车辆追尾等交通事故的发生．比较了两种单位绿灯延时模型,并通过仿真分析给出对于感应控制系统比较有用的结论．