A simple algorithm for the estimation of road traffic space mean speeds from data available to most management centres

The control of the evolution of road traffic streams is highly related to productivity, safety, sustainability and, even, comfort. Although, nowadays, the findings from research efforts and the development of new technologies enable accurate traffic forecasts in almost any conditions, these calculations are usually limited by the data and the equipment available. Most traffic management centres depend on the data provided, at best, by double-loop detectors. These loops supply time means over different aggregation periods, which are indiscriminately used as the bases for subsequent estimations. Since space mean speeds are those needed in most applications (note the fundamental relationship between flow and density in traffic flow theory), most current practice begins with an error. This paper introduces a simple algorithm that the allows estimation of space mean speeds from the data provided by the loops without the need for any additional financial outlay, as long as the traffic in each time interval of aggregation is stationary and its speed distribution is log-normal. Specifically, it is focused on the calculation of the variance of the speeds with regard to the time mean, thus making possible to use the relationship between time mean speeds and space mean speeds defined by Rakha (2005). The results obtained with real data show that the algorithm behaves well if the calculation conditions help fulfil the initial hypotheses. The primary difficulties arise with transient traffic and, in this case, other specific methodologies should be used. Data fusion seems promising in this regard. Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that the improvement provided by the algorithm turns out to be highly beneficial both when used alone in the case of stationarity or as a part of a fusion.     

JM-A型密贴检查器与ZYJ7型电液转辙机电路连接的分析

主要针对当道岔上同时安装JM-A型密贴检查器与ZYJ7型电液转辙机时,根据两者的动作原理,对其之间表示电路的连接进行分析.     

红外线阵探测器驱动电路的低噪声设计

论文首先介绍了红外线阵探测器的系统组成和各个组成部分的功能,详细分析了红外探测系统的噪声来源,并结合实际经验,从软件到硬件电路设计,总结了降低噪声的方法,最后通过分析实验数据,得出红外线阵探测系统输出信号的噪声均方差（RMS）等于0．68mV,计算得到中波线阵探测器的NETD等于80ink,长波红外探测器的NETD等于40mK。实验数据显示通过采用本文低噪声的设计,驱动采集电路达到了比较低的噪声值,红外焦平面探测系统总体成像性能达到理想效果。     

国外沥青混凝土路面新型研究方法分析

介绍国外沥青混凝土路面新型研究方法,并着重介绍了运用这些研究方法取得的最新研究成果。这些研究方法和成果,可为国内沥青混凝土路面科研、设计和施工提供借鉴。     

基于行程时间估计的快速路检测器布设密度优化方法研究

随着智能交通运输系统对道路实时交通信息的迫切需求,布设高密度、全方位的交通检测器已成为共识,但是高密度的检测器布设带来的是硬件投资的急剧增加,因此有必要进行检测器布设密度的优化。利用快速路行程时间估计方法分析了检测器布设密度优化问题,认为从行程时间估计误差和合理投资的角度出发,检测器布设并不是密度越大效果越好,而是存在一个合理范围,该范围可以指导工程中实际检测器数目的选择。     

NM-3型多球中子检测仪的设计和测量数据处理

对放射性仪器在使用、运输和存放过程中进行实时有效的中子监测是十分必要的。设计了一种新型的中子周围剂量当量（率）监测装置，以多球的聚乙烯材料作为慢化体，采用He-3中子探测器，使用外围计算机进行解谱和辐射防护量计算。通过对Am—Be中子参考源辐射场进行测试和数据处理验证，该装置长期稳定性较好，数据可信，可用在含有中子源的装置或材料的监测领域。     

Effect of wheel-slip prevention based on sliding mode control theory for railway vehicles

It is important to consider the robustness when designing brake control systems, because of the model's uncertainties that result from the nonlinear characteristics of wheel-to-rail adhesion forces and brake material friction coefficients. This paper presents the experimental results from the new wheel-slip prevention control using nonlinear robust control theory. The authors performed experiments for the proposed wheel-slip prevention control to compare it with the conventional control laws. The experimental results proved the comparative effectiveness of the proposed control and showed high brake performance under nonlinear characteristics of brake dynamics.     

水下激光探测技术及其进展

水下激光探测技术在水下目标搜索、海洋地质勘探、目标识别等领域都具有重要的应用价值.通过对水下激光传输特性、水下激光探测模式及与之相关的同步扫描技术和距离选通技术等的讨论,对可用于水下探测的蓝绿激光器和光电探测器进行了性能对比,结合具体应用对国内外水下激光探测技术发展状况进行了分析.     

纯电动客车VCU下线检测仪控制策略设计

介绍一种VCU下线检测仪的控制策略设计,阐述一种使用CAN通讯实现上位机对VCU检测的通信方法。     

交通气象埋入式路面状况检测器检测方法研究

针对道路交通气象埋入式检测器检测和服务需求,提出了埋入式路面状况检测器检测方法,搭建了路面状况传感器的测试环境,对vaisala、lufft及凯迈3个厂家的路面状况检测器进行了测试,并对测试结果进行了分析,测试结果验证了路面状况检测器检测方法的准确性、可操作性和重现性,进一步完善了国内路面状况检测器检测技术和检测方法,提高了公路养护和公路管理的效率,为公众提供准确、全面的公路气象信息,避免公路交通延误,减少因恶劣天气诱发的交通事故.