浅析东风雪铁龙C5轿车轮胎气压不足监测系统

主要论述东风雪铁龙C5轿车轮胎气压不足监测系统的基本结构及运行原理。     

考虑弯道几何要素和交通量影响的汽车行驶速度预测模型

为了实现对弯道半径、转角、路宽等多个几何线形要素的协同控制,选取了14个有代表性的运行速度模型,使用回归方法建立了侧向容许加速度模型,用其可以计算出半径为R的弯道速度;提出了等效半径的概念,即车辆在曲中位置的实际轨迹半径Re,通过对Re观测数据的回归分析,分别获得了曲线转角影响模型和通道宽度影响模型;最后分析了不同半径条件下交通量对行驶速度的影响,通过求出平均行驶速度与运行速度之间的差值ΔV,建立了ΔV与R和交通量之间的关系模型,并对3条公路运行速度进行了仿真。结果表明：应用该模型得到的运行速度曲线能够同时反映出弯道半径、转角、通道宽度的影响,能够帮助设计者实现对这3个要素的协同控制;根据速度曲线还可以获得不同交通量水平下的旅行时间,进而预测出所设计公路的服务水平。     

面向现代造船条件的船体类模块分段定义

为了使造船企业走出靠简单扩大再生产提高生产效率的误区,提出船体类模块分段的概念,以模块制造理论为基础,以模块化制造思想为指导,在不改变现有非标准船舶的船体结构和非标准生产能力配置的前提下,对船体分段进行几何结构和制造工艺等方面的相似性分析,确定船体类模块分段标准。     

MJS工法在砂卵石地层盾构近距离下穿运营地铁隧道的应用

依托在建长沙轨道交通4号线盾构区间,对砂卵石复杂地层下穿既有2号线运营区间预加固保护措施进行研究,并对多种预加固方案综合比选,最终采用MJS(全方位高压旋喷加固)工法对既有2号线进行预加固保护。工程实践表明,MJS工法水平加固过程中,既有2号线变形可控,最大变形约7 mm,加固体强度可达5～8 MPa,确保了4号线盾构穿越过程中既有区间的运营安全。这是国内首次在该类地层采用MJS工法对小净距既有运营线路进行水平预加固,可为今后类似工程提供参考和借鉴。     

电力机车用复合绝缘子运行性能及使用寿命预测方法概述

电力机车用复合绝缘子是受电弓、真空断路器等高压网侧设备的支撑装置,其在运行环境等因素下的老化失效问题直接影响电力机车运行可靠性。文章系统分析了电力机车用复合绝缘子老化的影响因素和作用机理,重点对复合绝缘子的外观现状、电气性能、憎水性能、老化性能等运行性能及使用寿命预测方法进行了研究。通过对试验结果、试验数据的分析,提出一种电力机车用复合绝缘子使用寿命预测方法,可用于电力机车用复合绝缘子老化性能的评估。     

快速路与邻接交叉口分散换道和速度引导方法

研究车路协同城市快速路与邻接交叉口主线分散换道和速度引导自适应控制方法. 对高饱和度入口匝道与邻接交叉口，提出主线分散换道自适应控制方法，依据合流区上游不同车道密度制定换道规则，以主线流量最大化为目标确定邻接交叉口相位相序；对出口匝道存在超长排队，提出主线速度引导自适应控制方法，依据主线上游车辆目的地确定速度引导策略，以出口匝道需求与通行能力相匹配为目标确定出口匝道关联相位优先权. 采用元胞自动机模型仿真验证，结果表明，所提方法与非协调控制、传统协调控制、车路协同交叉口自适应控制相比，区域流量分别提高17.38%、5.52%、10.06%，总时间消耗分别下降35.86%、 26.21%、17.39%.     

考虑均衡性的城市轨道交通线路负荷水平评估研究

线路负荷水平的评价工作是优化运输组织方案的重要前提。首先，本文分析了采用单一均值性指标表征负荷水平不能体现线路内负荷分布偏差的问题。为此，从城市轨道交通线路客流与运输能力匹配的角度出发，以列车负荷为评价单元，建立包括负荷均值和标准差率二维指标的线路负荷水平评估模型。负荷均值指标考虑了各评价单元加权计算，以反映每个评价单元对线路负荷水平的贡献程度，标准差率指标表征负荷均衡性。模型分析得出，线路所有区间的运力同等规模变化不影响标准差率指标，相对提高大客流区间或大客流方向上的输送能力能够改善线路负荷的均衡性。算例分析表明：客流方向不均衡系数超过 1.4 时，应考虑运力优化措施以提高运输能力利用的均衡；组织列车大小交路方案和不成对行车模式，能够提高线路负荷的均衡程度。     

Demi-flexible operating policies to promote the performance of public transit in low-demand areas

The efforts of providing attractive transport service to residents in sparse communities have previously focused on operating flexible transit services. This paper identifies a new category of transit policies, called demi-flexible operating policies, to fill the gap between flexible transit services and conventional fixed-route systems. The passenger cost function is defined as the performance measure of transit systems and the analytic work is performed based on a real-world flag-stop transit service, in which we compare its system performance with another two comparable systems, the fixed-route and flex-route services, at expected and unexpected demand levels in order to be closer to reality. In addition, the dynamic-station policy is introduced to assist the flex-route service to better deal with unexpectedly high demand. Experiments demonstrate the unique advantages of demi-flexible operating policies in providing affordable, efficient, and reliable transport service in low-demand operating environments and this work is helpful to optimize the unifying framework for designing public transit in suburban and rural areas.     

Simplified buckling-and-contact-based expansion method for assessment of crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structure

Ship-to-ship collision events can have severe consequences such as loss of life and environmental degradation. For this reason, modern ship designs are required to incorporate a double-hulled structure to prevent inner-hull damage from such events. Using the experimental or numerical method to analyze the crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structures entails much effort, for which reason neither method is easy to adopt at the early design stage. In this paper, an existing simplified method called Ito's method is improved by a new buckling-and-contact-based expansion method. This method can be applied to double-hulled-structure or outer-hull-local-rupture failure mode. The perpendicular bow-to-side collision scenario is assumed for a conservative estimation of damage to a double-hulled structure. The method was verified in the present study by numerical ship collision simulations of several cases. The results for the buckling-and-contact-based expansion method and numerical simulation were similar for a blunt shape of striking body but different for a sharp shape.     

Theoretical and numerical analysis of bending behavior of unbonded flexible risers

This paper presents theoretical and numerical study on bending properties of unbonded flexible risers. To capture nonlinearities in layer's sliding, the stress component due to slip-stick behavior is considered and energy conservation principle considering sliding-caused heat consumption is employed in the analytical model. Besides, a finite element model estimating mechanics of unbonded flexible risers' bending is proposed. In the finite element model, couplings between bending moment–curvature and axial stress as well as contact interaction among layers and tendons have been considered. The theoretical and numerical results were validated against the corresponding experimental data in literature and mutually compared in analyzing nonlinear bending behavior of flexible risers. Moreover, the impacts of axisymmetric loads on riser's bending behavior have been further investigated.