热脱附气相质谱联用技术在校车车内空气质量检测中的应用

校车车内的空气质量是校车安全的焦点之一,校车车内挥发性有机物含量也是校车强制性检测项目。本实验室采用热脱附-气相-质谱联用技术对当前市场上三种不同校车的车内挥发性有机污染物进行研究。结果表明,该检测方法也可以较好地对其他车内空气质量进行检测。     

长途客车车内空气质量试验研究

利用气相色谱质量联用仪和高效液相色谱仪分别对长途客车车内空气污染物中的挥发性有机物和甲醛进行分析。定性分析结果表明,长途客车车内空气污染物中烷烃、芳香烃和烯烃分别占41．4％、27．6％和20．7％;定量分析结果表明,对人体有较大危害的甲醛和苯系物在长途客车车内空气污染物中含量较高。随着长途客车停放或运行时间的增加,车内空气污染物浓度有显著的降低。     

近海环境中PHC管桩防腐蚀对策

PHC管桩在沿海地区应用广泛,然而氯离子的渗透会影响PHC管桩的耐久性.PHC管桩受损后难以发现和修复,影响结构物抗震能力,因此应考虑对PHC桩采取防腐蚀措施.针对PHC管桩构造和施工特点,介绍多种工况下,适合于PHC管桩各个部位的防腐蚀措施,为有防腐要求的PHC管桩施工项目提供参考.     

表面硅烷憎水处理混凝土码头结构的现场施工效果分析

港口混凝土结构常需采取一些特殊措施来提高结构的耐久性。近年来,试验室研究结果已充分证明采用硅烷憎水表面处理技术提高混凝土结构的耐久性是可靠的,并且该技术在实际工程中已得到越来越多的应用。在实际工程中,由于现场条件的限制,施工质量对上述混凝土表面防护措施的有效性会产生显著影响。因此,科学评价现场硅烷憎水表面防护技术的施工效果是合理预测应用该技术的港口混凝土结构的耐久性和使用寿命的前提。本项目现场调查分析了某新建码头混凝土结构硅烷憎水处理的实际施工效果(包括混凝土保护层厚度、硅烷浸渍渗透深度、内部钢筋自然电位等参数的现场详细调查),为港口环境下混凝土码头硅烷憎水处理的施工提供重要数据,并为硅烷憎水处理混凝土结构在海洋环境下的耐久性和使用寿命设计奠定基础。     

建制部队铁路投送保障能力评估有关问题探讨

通过对建制部队铁路投送保障能力评估主要特点的总结,发现在目前的评估实践中存在着评估指标体系不完善、评估标准不规范、评估数据采集不先进等问题,并针对这些问题提出了细化完善评估指标、综合使用多种评判方法、加强军地信息技术合作等改进措施.为开展相关的研究和评估提供了参考.     

纳米TiO_2光催化空气净化技术研究进展

本文对纳米TiO2光催化净化空气中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的技术原理、国内外研究现状和进展进行概述,简介部分使用光催化空气净化技术的商业产品,展望该技术的应用前景。     

Winter–spring dynamics in sea-ice carbon cycling in the coastal Arctic Ocean

An understanding of microbial interactions in first-year sea ice on Arctic shelves is essential for identifying potential responses of the Arctic Ocean carbon cycle to changing sea-ice conditions. This study assessed dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC, POC), exopolymeric substances (EPS), chlorophyll a, bacteria and protists, in a seasonal (24 February to 20 June 2004) investigation of first-year sea ice and associated surface waters on the Mackenzie Shelf. The dynamics of and relationships between different sea-ice carbon pools were investigated for the periods prior to, during and following the sea-ice-algal bloom, under high and low snow cover. A predominantly heterotrophic sea-ice community was observed prior to the ice-algal bloom under high snow cover only. However, the heterotrophic community persisted throughout the study with bacteria accounting for, on average, 44% of the non-diatom particulate carbon biomass overall the study period. There was an extensive accumulation of sea-ice organic carbon following the onset of the ice-algal bloom, with diatoms driving seasonal and spatial trends in particulate sea-ice biomass. DOC and EPS were also significant sea-ice carbon contributors such that sea-ice DOC concentrations were higher than, or equivalent to, sea-ice-algal carbon concentrations prior to and following the algal bloom, respectively. Sea-ice-algal carbon, DOC and EPS-carbon concentrations were significantly interrelated under high and low snow cover during the algal bloom (r values ≥ 0.74, p < 0.01). These relationships suggest that algae are primarily responsible for the large pools of DOC and EPS-carbon and that similar stressors and/or processes could be involved in regulating their release. This study demonstrates that DOC can play a major role in organic carbon cycling on Arctic shelves.     

天然高分子改性阳离子絮凝剂的絮凝性能和应用研究

介绍了以玉米芯为原料,以阳离子醚化剂为改性剂,合成阳离子型改性高分子絮凝剂(DSL)的方法,并对该絮凝剂的性能和应用进行了研究。结果表明,用玉米芯粉改性而成的高分子阳离子型絮凝剂絮凝性能优于六水氯化铝和国产的聚丙烯酰胺,具有产生絮体大,沉降速度快等特点,将其用于天然地下水、城市生活污水、工业污水的处理,获得了良好的絮凝效果。     

密闭舱室挥发性有机化合物被动式采集与非靶向测试

本文建立了密闭舱室挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)被动式采集与非靶向测试方法。采用极性和非极性填料进行被动式采样,分析结果可互相对比且互为补充,采样方式简单、便携、稳定。运用目前先进的气相色谱-高分辨质谱(GC-HRMS)分析方法可高灵敏度、高分辨率鉴别采样中的VOCs组分,8个舱室采样位点共筛查出70种低浓度VOCs污染物。在得到的各类VOCs含量数据中,以多环芳烃(PAHs)这一类致癌性和致突变性污染物为例,根据含量热图分析获取多环芳烃在舱室中的分布规律,并推测其主要来源于机舱和设备舱中油料挥发以及厨房烹饪油烟。该方法的建立将更加高效、准确筛查舱室VOCs组分并进行污染源解析,有助于舱室大气环境质量提升和舰艇战斗力生成。     

Vertical profiles of particulate organic matter and its relationship with chlorophyll-a in the upper layer of the NE Mediterranean Sea

Particulate organic matter (POM), nutrients, chlorophyll-a (CHL) and primary production measurements were performed in the upper layer of three different regions (cyclonic, anticyclonic and frontal+peripherial) of the NE Mediterranean Sea in 1991–1994. Depth profiles of bulk POM exhibited a subsurface maximum, coinciding with the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) established near the base of the euphotic zone of the Rhodes cyclone and its periphery, where the nutricline was situated just below the euphotic zone for most of the year. Moreover, the POM peaks were broader and situated at shallower depths in late winter–early spring as compared to its position in the summer–autumn period. Under prolonged winter conditions, as experienced in March 1992, the characteristic POM feature disappeared in the center of the Rhodes cyclone, where the upper layer was entirely occupied by nutrient-rich Levantine deep water. Deep convective processes in the cyclonic gyre led to the formation of vertically uniform POM profiles with low concentrations of particulate organic carbon (POC) (2.1 μM), nitrogen (0.21 μM), total particulate phosphorus (PP) (0.02 μM) and chlorophyll-a (0.5 μg/L) in the euphotic zone. Though the Levantine deep waters ascended up to the surface layer with the nitrate/phosphate molar ratios (28–29) in March 1992, the N/P molar ratio of bulk POM in the upper layer was low as 10–12, indicating luxury consumption of phosphate during algal production. Depth-integrated primary production in the euphotic zone ranged from 38.5 for oligotrophic autumn to 457 mg C m⁻² day⁻¹ for moderately mesotrophic cool winter conditions.