On the relation between organic and inorganic carbon in the Weddell Sea

Carbon cycling in the Weddell Sea was investigated during the ANT X/7 cruise with `FS Polarstern' December 1992–January 1993. Samples were taken on a cross section from Kapp Norvegia to Joinville Island, and on a section from the Larsen Ice Shelf to the northeast. The following quantities were measured: total carbon dioxide (TCO₂), fluorescence from humic substances and total organic carbon. The distribution of TCO₂ was strongly positively correlated to the time elapsed since the various water masses were last ventilated. In general, humic substance fluorescence was positively correlated with TCO₂, with the exception of the productive part of the western Weddell Sea, where the correlation was negative in the surface mixed layer. The increased fluorescence at the surface is suggested to be a result of biological production. The distribution of total organic carbon showed less structure, since this quantity includes a particulate component, which is subject to dispersion processes different from those of the dissolved components TCO₂ and humic substances. The mean total organic carbon concentration below the surface mixed layer was 50 μmol l⁻¹. At some stations, a steep TOC maximum around 2000 m depth was observed. This was interpreted to result from mass sinking of phytoplankton blooms. Total organic carbon had a maximum in surface water, and at some stations also a second subsurface maximum. In the Warm Deep Water (WDW), TCO₂ and fluorescence had their maximum values, while total organic carbon tended to be low. In low productivity surface water in the eastern part of the Kapp Norvegia–Joinville Island section, the lowest flourescence was found. Surface water is eventually formed from Warm Deep Water, which had the highest fluorescence values, and therefore it is concluded that humic substances were removed in situ from surface water. In the central area of the Weddell Sea, TCO₂ and fluorescence showed the highest Warm Deep Water maxima, while total organic carbon was low. The Warm Deep Water in this area is part of the so-called Central Intermediate Water which circulates for a long time within the Weddell Gyre. Reduced total organic carbon, which coincides with the most pronounced Central Intermediate Water characteristics, and high TCO₂ can thus both be accounted for by continued degradation of organic matter in this water mass. The associated fluorescence maximum implies that humic substances are also produced during mineralisation. Recently formed bottom water, by contrast, could be seen as patches of low TCO₂, low fluorescence and high total organic carbon along the western slope of the Weddell Sea.     

Late-Quaternary changes in productivity of the Southern Ocean

Paleoceanographic records based on new proxies of export production have been constructed for the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. A radionuclide-ratio proxy of particle flux (¹⁰Be/²³⁰Th) and the accumulation rate of authigenic uranium, which responds to the flux of organic carbon to the sea bed, both indicate a dramatic increase, compared to the present, in the export production of the Subantarctic zone (approximately the region between the present-day positions of the Subtropical Convergence and the Antarctic Polar Front) during glacial periods. If the South Atlantic is representative of the entire Southern Ocean, then export production in the Southern Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum was substantially greater than at present. Previous studies, focusing on the burial of biogenic opal, failed to recognize the glacial increase in export production of the Southern Ocean because of a strong non-linearity between accumulation rates of opal and of organic carbon.     

铝型树脂去除有机物染物（EDTA）的实验研究

采用EDTA模拟水体中污染阴树脂的有机物，考察了铝型树脂及混合床在与EDTA溶液接触过程中EDTA在树脂上的分布情况，判断铝型树脂减轻阴树脂污染程度的作用。     

Th-derived particulate organic carbon fluxes in the northern Barents Sea with comparison to drifting sediment trap fluxes

Large-volume sampling of ²³⁴Th was conducted to estimate particulate organic carbon (POC) export in conjunction with drifting sediment trap deployments in the northern Barents Sea in July 2003 and May 2005. ²³⁴Th-derived POC fluxes averaged 42.3 ± 39.7 mmol C m^− 2 d^− 1 in 2003 and 47.1 ± 30.6 mmol C m^− 2 d^− 1 in 2005. Sediment trap POC fluxes averaged 13.1 ± 8.2 mmol C m^− 2 d^− 1 in 2003 and 17.3 ± 11.4 mmol C m^− 2 d^− 1 in 2005, but better reflected the transient bloom conditions that were observed at each station within a season. Although ²³⁴Th fluxes agreed within a factor 2 at most stations and depths sampled, sediment trap POC fluxes were lower than large-volume POC flux estimates at almost every station. This may represent an under-collection of POC by the drifting sediment traps or, conversely, an over-collection of POC by the large-volume sampling of ²³⁴Th. It is hypothesized that the offset between the two methods is partly due to the presence of the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis pouchetii, which potentially causes a large variation in > 53-μm POC/²³⁴Th ratios. Due to the large proportion of dissolved carbon or mucilage released by P. pouchetii, and because it is thought that P. pouchetii does not contribute significantly to the vertical export of biogenic matter in the Barents Sea, the application of large-volume sampling of ²³⁴Th may yield relatively high, and possibly inaccurate POC/²³⁴Th ratios. Hence, POC fluxes derived from ²³⁴Th sampling may be inappropriate and drifting sediment traps might be a more reliable method to measure the vertical export of biogenic matter in regions that have recurrent P. pouchetii blooms, such as the Barents Sea.     

基于聚苯撑苯并二恶唑的多功能光电器件

首次报道了基于全共轭高分子材料聚苯撑苯并二恶唑（PBO）作为空穴传导材料及电子给体，富勒烯（C60）作为电子传输层及电子受体的双层异质结器件．研究发现：该结构器件具有明显的光伏响应特征，开路电压达0．76V，短路电流0．07mA／cm^2；而且在正向偏压下，器件还表现出了较强的激基复合物电致发光现象，在7．1V偏压下，器件的亮度达5．3×10^3cd／m^2，而器件的最高发光效率可达1．8cd／A．该研究表明，基于PBO／C60双层异质结的多功能光电器件具有较好的开发价值和应用前景．     

论现代城市道路更新

通过对城市更新理念、方式的研究,回顾了国外城市道路更新的历程.通过分析我国城市道路更新存在的问题,提出节制、平衡、适度、稳定的城市道路更新的方针.     

臭氧氧化难生化降解有机物的研究

采用臭氧氧化法处理难生化降解有机物。以酸性染料、活性染料、分散染料、还原染料模拟有机废水,探讨了臭氧氧化技术处理有机废水的影响因素－pH值、初始浓度、臭氧含量等;研究了臭氧氧化法对难生化降解有机物的氧化效果、生化效果。     

膜分离技术在给水处理中的应用研究

在综合大量的国内外文献资料的基础上,着重从膜分离技术的特点、膜处理工艺及膜处理工艺流程几方面介绍了目前国内外膜分离技术在给水处理中的应用和研究现状。     

近海环境中PHC管桩防腐蚀对策

PHC管桩在沿海地区应用广泛,然而氯离子的渗透会影响PHC管桩的耐久性.PHC管桩受损后难以发现和修复,影响结构物抗震能力,因此应考虑对PHC桩采取防腐蚀措施.针对PHC管桩构造和施工特点,介绍多种工况下,适合于PHC管桩各个部位的防腐蚀措施,为有防腐要求的PHC管桩施工项目提供参考.     

建制部队铁路投送保障能力评估有关问题探讨

通过对建制部队铁路投送保障能力评估主要特点的总结,发现在目前的评估实践中存在着评估指标体系不完善、评估标准不规范、评估数据采集不先进等问题,并针对这些问题提出了细化完善评估指标、综合使用多种评判方法、加强军地信息技术合作等改进措施.为开展相关的研究和评估提供了参考.