结构化程序设计方法与面向对象的程序设计方法的比较

随着计算机的硬件及通讯技术的发展,计算环境发生了深刻的变化.计算环境的变迁和不断增长的软件需求对程序设计方法学提出了一个又一个的挑战,程序设计方法学也在挑战中前进.首先回顾软件工程程序设计方法的发展历史,指出结构化和面向对象是软件工程程序设计方法中的2个核心思想,分析、探讨了结构化程序设计方法与面向对象的方法的区别,并就如何在实践中正确应用给出了一些建议.     

面向对象数据存取方法的分析

介绍了在VB环境下3种基于面向对象的数据存取方法(数据访问对象、远程数据对象和活动数据对象),分析了比较它们的数据存取模型,给出了每种对象方法的特点,最后给出了与数据库连接的常用方式.     

BusinessObjects脚本程序在信息管理系统中的应用

主要阐述数据分析软件BusinessObjects中脚本程序的编写、调试、运行以及在MIS软件开发中的调用方法,并针对铁路十八点统计分析通用系统给出了具体的应用说明.     

青藏铁路行车安全监控系统实时监控程序设计与实现

介绍青藏铁路行车安全监控系统实时监控程序的开发背景,分析监控需求,研究、设计程序结构,并实现各项监控功能.     

从路段流量估计OD交通量的新算法

首先给出了一种增广的用户平衡配流问题的优化模型及求解算法,然后提出了一个从 路段流量估计OD交通量的双层规划棋型及求解算法.由于新方法再生迭代无需计算和存贮路 径流量,只需用到路段流量,因此可以适用于大型城市交通网的OD需求估计向题.     

基于BusinessObjects自动生成Web页面的方法

阐述了数据分析软件BusinessObjects的运行机制,以及使用Document Agent Server模块自动生成Web页面的过程和方法,并给出了具体的应用和程序.     

Routing and fleet deployment in liner shipping with spot voyages

The routing, scheduling and fleet deployment is an important integrated planning problem faced by liner shipping companies which also lift load from the spot market. This paper is concerned with coordinating the decisions of the assignment of ships to contractual and spot voyages, and the determination of ship routes and schedules in order to maximize profit. We propose a new model for representing voyages as nodes of a directed graph which is used to build a mixed integer programming formulation. Besides contractual and spot nodes, another type of node is put forward to represent a combination of a contractual voyage with one or more spot voyages. In addition, the concept of dominated nodes is introduced in order to discard them and reduce the effort of the search for an optimal solution. A set of test problems has been generated taking into account real world assumptions. The test problems are solved by an optimization software and computational results are reported. The results show the potential of the approach to solve test problems of moderate size.     

Global optimization method for network design problem with stochastic user equilibrium

In this paper, we consider the continuous road network design problem with stochastic user equilibrium constraint that aims to optimize the network performance via road capacity expansion. The network flow pattern is subject to stochastic user equilibrium, specifically, the logit route choice model. The resulting formulation, a nonlinear nonconvex programming problem, is firstly transformed into a nonlinear program with only logarithmic functions as nonlinear terms, for which a tight linear programming relaxation is derived by using an outer-approximation technique. The linear programming relaxation is then embedded within a global optimization solution algorithm based on range reduction technique, and the proposed approach is proved to converge to a global optimum.     

城市步行品质交通改善设计研究

首先整合与步行品质改善相关的理论，提出“以人为本”的九项设计理念，并依据实施的迫切程度和困难程度将步行品质交通改善设计理念重新组织并划分为三个层次：必要的理念、非常可取的理念和不错的附加理念，以利于指导实践。然后构建“以问题为导向”的研究框架，将步行品质改善这一复杂问题简化为多个简单问题，并充分吸收已有的知识成果以寻求解决之道。最后提出步行品质交通改善设计的技术建议：完善步行网络、优化步行设施和提升步行环境。     

Real-time traffic estimation using data expansion

This paper presents a method for estimating missing real-time traffic volumes on a road network using both historical and real-time traffic data. The method was developed to address urban transportation networks where a non-negligible subset of the network links do not have real-time link volumes, and where that data is needed to populate other real-time traffic analytics. Computation is split between an offline calibration and a real-time estimation phase. The offline phase determines link-to-link splitting probabilities for traffic flow propagation that are subsequently used in real-time estimation. The real-time procedure uses current traffic data and is efficient enough to scale to full city-wide deployments. Simulation results on a medium-sized test network demonstrate the accuracy of the method and its robustness to missing data and variability in the data that is available. For traffic demands with a coefficient of variation as high as 40%, and a real-time feed in which as much as 60% of links lack data, we find the percentage root mean square error of link volume estimates ranges from 3.9% to 18.6%. We observe that the use of real-time data can reduce this error by as much as 20%.