考虑碳成本的城市交通拥挤定价模型研究

从研究国内外交通二氧化碳排放及收费和国内外拥挤定价现状入手,分析了城市交通二氧化碳排放的特征,在总结国内外碳税征收标准的基础上,建立了城市交通碳排放收费模型;将碳排放费用视为广义出行费用的一部分,进而建立了考虑碳排放成本的拥挤定价双层规划模型,选取实际案例验证其合理性与可行性,也为我国城市交通拥挤定价提出合理的建议.     

Data mining using regularized adaptive B‐splines regression with penalization for multi‐regime traffic stream models

This paper presents a new data mining method that integrates adaptive B‐spline regression and traffic flow theory to develop multi‐regime traffic stream models (TSMs). Parameter estimation is implemented adaptively and optimally through a constrained bi‐level programming method. The slave programming determines positions of knots and coefficients of the B‐spline by minimizing the error of B‐spline regression. The master programming model determines the number of knots through a regularized function, which balances model accuracy and model complexity. This bi‐level programming method produces the best fitting to speed–density observations under specific order of splines and possesses great flexibility to accommodate the exhibited nonlinearity in speed–density relationships. Jam density can be estimated naturally using spline TSM, which is sometimes hardly obtainable in many other TSM. Derivative continuity up to one order lower than the highest spline degree can be preserved, a desirable property in some application. A five‐regime B‐spline model is found to exist for generalized speed–density relationships to accommodate five traffic operating conditions: free flow, transition, synchronized flow, stop and go traffic, and jam condition. A typical two‐regime B‐spline form is also explicitly given, depending only on free‐flow speed, optimal speed, optimal density, and jam density. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Traffic signal timing problems with environmental and equity considerations

Traffic signal timings in a road network can not only affect total user travel time and total amount of traffic emissions in the network but also create an inequity problem in terms of the change in travel costs of users traveling between different locations. This paper proposes a multi‐objective bi‐level programming model for design of sustainable and equitable traffic signal timings for a congested signal‐controlled road network. The upper level of the proposed model is a multi‐objective programming problem with an equity constraint that maximizes the reserve capacity of the network and minimizes the total amount of traffic emissions. The lower level is a deterministic network user equilibrium problem that considers the vehicle delays at signalized intersections of the network. To solve the proposed model, an approach for normalizing incommensurable objective functions is presented, and a heuristic solution algorithm that combines a penalty function approach and a simulated annealing method is developed. Two numerical examples are presented to show the effects of reserve capacity improvement and green time proportion on network flow distribution and transportation system performance and the importance of incorporating environmental and equity objectives in the traffic signal timing problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

临时关闭道路以疏导城市道路交通流的可行性分析

文章基于Braess悖论,以单位车辆的平均出行时间为最优目标,以网络道路系统为约束条件,从逆向思维角度建立了通过临时关闭道路引导交通流以缓解城市道路交通拥挤的Narsh均衡非线性规划模型,并以北京二环道路网络为研究对象进行了实例分析。结果表明,在城市道路网中,关闭部分路段并不能明显缓解交通拥堵现状,但可以在不影响路网整体通行时间的条件下改善路网局部拥堵状况。建议城市道路交通临时疏导方案应该根据路网交通流的分布特点和道路通过能力等因素进行制订。     

基于DELMIA/Robotics船体分段焊接仿真

随着造船自动化程度不断提高,工业机器人在船舶建造过程中的运用会越来越广泛。本文运用DELMIA/ Robotics对船体分段焊接过程中进行离线仿真。系统研究了复杂空间环境下机器人焊接过程中任务仿真、路径规划、碰撞干涉、离线编程等问题,验证了造船机器人焊接的可行性、安全性,提高造船自动化技术水平。     

基于FPGA的高速串行通信在电力推进控制系统中的应用

本文介绍了一种优化时钟差分曼彻斯特编码的编码方法,并分析了其在高速串行通信中的实际应用价值。通过V H D L编程实现上述方法的编码、解码功能,完成了在Q u a r t u s I I环境下的仿真验证。通过在F P G A硬件设备上的实际测试,验证了其可行性和可靠性。通过对多种现有串行通信协议的研究,并在借鉴I E C 6 0 0 4 4-8通信规约的基础上提出了一种自定义协议。协议在编码效率和编程复杂度方面得到一定的平衡。通过与传统串行通信方式比较并结合电力推进控制系统的现状和性能需求,分析了其在电力推进控制系统中应用的可行性,并完成了实验验证。     

城市轨道交通高峰线路客流协同控制方法

在线路客流控制中，需同时考虑各个车站控流方案的可执行性与协同性. 采用 Fisher 最优分割法确定合理客流控制时段，基于此建立以乘客总等待时间最少和旅客周转量最大为目标的线路客流协同控制线性规划模型. 基于成都地铁2 号线AFC数据进行实验，针对协同控流与非协同控流方案，以及不同客流控制时段划分方案下的协同控流方案进行对比实验. 算例中：协同控流方案在旅客周转量下降约1.0%的情况下，乘客总等待时间减少约 56.7%；基于Fisher 最优分割法确定的时段划分方案中协同控流方案在乘客总等待时间方面最优，并具有很好的可执行性.     

Real-time energy consumption minimization in railway networks

A new timetable must be calculated in real-time when train operations are perturbed. Although energy consumption is becoming a central issue both from the environmental and economic perspective, it is usually neglected in the timetable recalculation. In this paper, we formalize the real-time Energy Consumption Minimization Problem (rtECMP). It finds in real-time the driving regime combination for each train that minimizes energy consumption, respecting given routing and precedences between trains. In the possible driving regime combinations, train routes are split in subsections for which one of the regimes resulting from the Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle is to be chosen. We model the trade-off between minimizing energy consumption and total delay by considering as objective function their weighted sum. We propose an algorithm to solve the rtECMP, based on the solution of a mixed-integer linear programming model. We test this algorithm on the Pierrefitte-Gonesse control area, which is a critical area in France with dense mixed traffic. The results show that the problem is tractable and an optimal solution of the model tackled can often be found in real-time for most instances.     

带时间窗的卡车编队路径优化

卡车编队是一种极具前景的新型运营组织模式，多辆采用半自动驾驶技术的卡车以较小的车头间距共同行驶，达到减少能源消耗与环境污染和保障交通安全的目的，该组织模式也被称为“公路列车”。从运营管理及调度技术的角度进行研究，利用商品网络流理论解决某一特定卡车在何时何地编入哪个卡车编队的问题，尽可能地促进卡车编队的形成，最大限度地节约能源。本文分析卡车编队形成过程中额外产生的集结等待时间，并量化计算由于卡车编队成组运行，空气阻力的下降进而产生的燃油节省。在限制卡车编队规模的条件下，构建考虑合理绕行的卡车编队路径优化模型，将每个运输任务是否通过路网中的弧段设置为决策变量，优化结果既能反映每个弧段上卡车编队的构成情况，又能体现每个运输任务具体的走行路径。采用商业软件求解构建的卡车编队路径优化模型，形成卡车编队19个，节省燃油费用达到14%以上。结果表明：该 模型能得出理想的卡车编队路径优化方案，为卡车编队的推广应用提供理论参考。     

基于深度学习的海上目标快速检测方法

在智能海洋船艇自主导航和避障过程中，对周边环境的感知能力非常重要。本文针对智能船艇对环境感知的速度和精度需求，提出了基于深度学习的海上目标快速检测方法，并构建了以船舶、浮标和岛屿为检测目标的海上目标数据集。本方法通过提取目标图像不同尺度特征语义信息，应用多框检测器实现对目标的分类和定位，采用非极大值抑制算法筛选最优结果，实现了海上目标快速高精度检测。实验结果表明，本方法在自建数据集上取得了83.3%的识别正确率，单帧耗时9.8ms, 在相同实验条件下，正确率和单帧耗时均优于现有同类快速目标检测方法，证明了该方法可以满足智能船艇对环境感知的速度和精度需求。