An optimal data-splitting algorithm for aircraft scheduling on a single runway to maximize throughput

In this research, we present a data-splitting algorithm to optimally solve the aircraft sequencing problem (ASP) on a single runway under both segregated and mixed-mode of operation. This problem is formulated as a 0–1 mixed-integer program (MIP), taking into account several realistic constraints, including safety separation standards, wide time-windows, and constrained position shifting, with the objective of maximizing the total throughput. Varied scenarios of large scale realistic instances of this problem, which is NP-hard in general, are computationally difficult to solve with the direct use of commercial solver as well as existing state-of-the-art dynamic programming method. The design of the algorithm is based on a recently introduced data-splitting algorithm which uses the divide-and-conquer paradigm, wherein the given set of flights is divided into several disjoint subsets, each of which is optimized using 0–1 MIP while ensuring the optimality of the entire set. Computational results show that the difficult instances can be solved in real-time and the solution is efficient in comparison to the commercial solver and dynamic programming, using both sequential, as well as parallel, implementation of this pleasingly parallel algorithm.     

船用电器柜抗冲击设计研究

为增强船内部电器柜的抗冲击性能,采用有限元法对船内不同安装型式的电器柜结构进行了模态和抗冲击性能仿真分析,通过对比分析得出了使用撑杆加固型式安装的电器柜能显著提高船内电器柜的抗冲击性能的结论,并确定了电器柜抗冲击优化设计方案。     

Generalized Maximum Benefit Multiple Chinese Postman Problem

This research is focused on a generalization on the Max Benefit Chinese Postman Problem and the multiple vehicle variant of the Chinese Postman Problem. We call this generalization, the Generalized Maximum Benefit k-Chinese Postman Problem (GB k-CPP). We present a novel Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) formulation for the GB k-CPP. Four different cases of the model are discussed. The first case, performs arc-routing with profits and assumes that the origin and destination for each vehicle is the same for each cycle and is given by the user. The next case relaxes the assumption that the origin and destination for each vehicle should be the same and allows the users to select possible origins/destinations for vehicles. Case three gets the origin for each vehicle as input and produces a solution based on finding the best destination for each vehicle. The last case, that is very general, allows the optimization model to select possibly different locations for vehicle origin and destination, during each cycle. The different cases are applied to a security patrolling case conducted on the network of University of Maryland at College Park campus and the results are compared.     

Optimal joint distance and time toll for cordon-based congestion pricing

This paper addresses the optimal toll design problem for the cordon-based congestion pricing scheme, where both a time-toll and a nonlinear distance-toll (i.e., joint distance and time toll) are levied for each network user’s trip in a pricing cordon. The users’ route choice behaviour is assumed to follow the Logit-based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE). We first propose a link-based convex programming model for the Logit-based SUE problem with a joint distance and time toll pattern. A mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) is developed to formulate the optimal joint distance and time toll design problem. The developed MPEC model is equivalently transformed into a semi-infinite programming (SIP) model. A global optimization method named Incremental Constraint Method (ICM) is designed for solving the SIP model. Finally, two numerical examples are used to assess the proposed methodology.     

船舶通信英语口语与听力课程标准

结合船舶驾驶员的岗位职责,依照现代职业教育理论和成果,设计了船舶通信英语口语与听力课程标准.对该课程的课程概述、培养目标、与前后课程的联系、教学内容与学时分配、学习资源、教师要求、学习场地与设施要求、考核方式与标准、学习情境设计进行了设计和描述,将船舶通信中典型工作任务转化为学习型任务.     

The generators of paratransit trips by persons with disabilities

Identifying the generators of paratransit trips by persons with disabilities is important to comprehend the current demand patterns and forecast future demand. Only a handful of studies have been conducted so far to identify the generators of paratransit trips and most focused on the home end of the trips. Given some of the inconsistencies in past studies and the scarcity of studies on the generators of trips away from home, this study attempts to identify the generators of paratransit trips beginning and ending at clients’ homes and away from home. It uses an extremely large dataset consisting of 1.91 million trips made by NJ TRANSIT’s Access Link clients, socioeconomic data from the American Community Survey, employment data from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics, and establishment data from Dun and Bradstreet. The analytical methods include an ordinary least squares model (OLS) and several spatial generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to identify the characteristics of census block groups associated with Access Link trip generation at home and away from home, Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis to identify the types of establishments located in the immediate vicinity of drop-offs, and a multinomial logit model (MNL) to examine the relationship between the characteristics of the establishments in the vicinity of drop-offs and the characteristics of the dropped-off clients. Together, the various analyses provide useful insights about paratransit trip generators at the macro and micro levels. Some implications of the findings are discussed.     

中国TBM施工技术进展、挑战及对策

总结我国近30年来TBM设计与施工技术的发展历程,可归纳为以下5个阶段:1)研发探索和试用阶段;2)以国外施工承包商为主体,采用国外设计制造TBM施工我国隧道工程阶段;3)独立进行TBM招标采购和选型设计,并建立起自主的TBM施工队伍阶段;4)与国外厂家联合设计制造TBM,工程应用和自主施工快速发展阶段;5)实现TBM国产化,面向国内外TBM工程市场自主施工阶段。通过我国不同时期TBM施工的典型工程,介绍我国在复杂地质、大坡度、高海拔、不同直径、不同机型、超长隧洞TBM施工方面取得的经验、技术积累和业绩,展示我国TBM在穿越断层破碎带、软弱变形、岩爆、涌水等不良地质洞段取得的一系列施工新技术,以及最高月进尺1 868 m、平均月进尺超过600 m和掘进作业利用率超过40%的掘进技术水平。分析TBM在极硬岩、大断层破碎带、软弱大变形围岩、强岩爆围岩、涌水突泥洞段、高地热隧洞和超长隧洞工程中施工面临的风险和挑战,并提出一些相应的技术措施和对策,期望这些措施和对策在未来大量实际工程中进一步得到实践验证、优化和改进,不断积累和创新TBM设计与施工新技术。     

汕头苏埃隧道方案设计关键技术研究

根据汕头苏埃隧道的建设条件,对工程方案设计中的几个技术难点进行研究,并提出解决方案。通过采用"多级分流"理念,实现隧道与北岸4条城市主干道的交通衔接;选择"抛石+排水板"方案解决海域深厚淤泥地层中的围堰设计;8度高烈度震区选择合理的抗震减震措施解决隧道结构抗震;采取双道密封垫和加大密封垫断面的防水设计,满足地震时管片接缝张开量大的防水要求;针对复杂地层,对盾构选型和配置提出建议;对海底凸起进入隧道内的硬岩进行爆破预处理,以降低盾构施工风险。     

极高地应力软岩隧道超前导洞应力释放及多层支护变形控制技术

为了解决极高地应力软岩隧道大变形控制难题,以兰渝铁路木寨岭隧道岭脊核心段施工为例,通过现场试验和数据分析,得到如下主要结论:1)提出了"先放后抗,抗放结合,锚固加强"的变形控制理念;2)得出了该隧道岭脊核心段"超前导洞应力释放+圆形4层支护结构+径向注浆+长锚杆+长锚索"综合变形控制方案;3)超前导洞应力释放效果明显,正洞累计变形减小幅度约为34%;4)得到了圆形多层支护结构变形规律;5)累计变形均控制在设计预留变形量内,保证了该隧道岭脊核心段大变形控制效果。     

拱架式预切槽施工机械在黄土隧道施工中的应用

隧道预切槽施工技术在国外应用比较广泛,但在我国应用还较少。针对黄土地质专项研制了国内首台拱架式预切槽机,并在黄土隧道进行了施工试验。通过施工试验,掌握设备定位、分区切灌、设备行走、施工作业组织等关键技术,并提出应用改进及优化措施。试验结果表明切槽系统工作状态和设备切削、喷灌功能满足设计及施工试验要求,为预切槽同步切削喷灌一体化研究提供了数据支撑和研究方向。