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151.
关于城市道路规划设计几个问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文主要论述城市道路规划设计应正确认识道路环境、道路功能、重视道路等级与里程长度以及路口与路段通行能力的协调配合。 相似文献
152.
In the next three decades there will a huge increase in both the absolute number of older people and in their percentage of the populationin almost all Western European countries, North America, and Australia. Most older people will have active lifestyles in which mobility and access play a major role and almost all older men and a majority of older women will be car drivers, used to the convenience and flexibility which the car provides.Using data from the US, Australia, Germany, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom, the paper shows that, in spite of cultural and policy differences, older people around the world are more likely to have a license, to take more trips, and to do so more often as the driver of a car than older people just a decade ago; they are also less likely to use public transit. These trends have a number of sustainability implications – the most obvious one is increased environmental pollution. For example, even though older people may travel less than younger drivers they may be polluting proportionately more because a) they are less likely to make as great a proportion of trips in public transit as younger people and b) the trips they do make may create more pollutants. In addition, older drivers may incur more wasted miles due to wayfinding errors and trip-scouting behavior. And when older people curtail their driving, younger family members may have to increase (or lengthen) their trip-making to provide needed services or additional transportation.While this paper stresses the environmental problems posed by an aging population, effective strategies arise from a focus on a broader definition of sustainability. The most important approach is to accept the inevitable and work to make the private car "greener" and safer. New transit service concepts and strategic community and neighborhood design and service elements can complement the development of cleaner cars.Although many of the potential strategies are not new, or can be expensive to implement, the convergence of environmental concerns with other problems arising from the automobility of the elderly – including increasing crash rates and serious loss of mobility among those unable to drive – may make these policies more politically viable than in the past. 相似文献
153.
交通是能源消纳的重要领域,其对社会能源结构的调整和节能减排具有重要的影响和带动作用。在陆路交通方面,轨道交通和小型客运车辆的电气化发展方向相对清晰,而公路货运尚无明确的技术路线。为充分利用清洁能源,减少化石能源在交通领域中的使用,发展并推广电气化公路技术,对重载卡车的蓄电池、燃料电池、混合动力3种电气化方案进行对比分析,结合卡车负载的特点,对不同电气化方案进行评估。研究融合新能源发电及并网、混合动力技术、智能驾驶技术的电气化公路技术,从车辆动力技术、供电线路、受电弓与计费、新能源并网、编组智能驾驶运行5个方面对电气化公路方案进行介绍,可以实现公路货运系统的绿色、安全、高效运行。以10公里线路电气化为例,进行规划和成本估算,构建单车和区域(或路段)电气化的运营成本计算模型,基于燃油消耗和阻力分析2种方法进行计算。对车辆购置及改装、基础设施建设、可再生能源发电、系统环保效益等4个方面进行技术分析与成本测算。从供能技术变革、商业模式和推广路线3个角度对电气化公路技术的未来推广进行论证展望。研究结果表明:电气化公路技术的应用与规模化能够带来巨大的经济与环境收益,其中的混合动力方案与架空线输电方案为面对未来可能的储能技术变革与无线输电普及打下重要的基础,提供了拓展空间,也是重载货车实现智能驾驶的重要步骤;与燃油驱动相比,电驱动百公里成本减少96元,单一重卡年运营成本减少18.8万元,百公里污染物(如:碳氧化物、氮氧化物等)均减少50%以上。 相似文献
154.
城市综合交通调查在中国已有30余年的广泛实践,当前的信息化和大数据背景下正历经发展与变革.在分析城市综合交通调查现状问题的基础上,提出制定《城市综合交通体系规划交通调查导则》(以下简称《导则》)的必要性.从目标与总体框架、调查项目分类、术语定义、调查内容与问题选项分类、调查流程规范几个层面对《导则》的主要思想与关键内容进行解析.提出城市综合交通调查未来发展方向应是将信息化技术与传统调查手段结合,提高调查效率与质量,关注信息化手段未能涵盖的交通特征. 相似文献
155.
越来越多的机构开始为交通系统的可持续发展定义,并试图将这一概念融入区域交通规划过程.然而,只有极少数的区域规划机构意识到了交通系统和土地利用变化给经济、环境和社会生活质量(这三者通常被认为是可持续交通系统的三个基本方面)带来的广泛影响.首先,论述了使用多个可持续发展指标的多准则决策方法,并应用其评估亚特兰大大都市区的三... 相似文献
156.
George Kozanidis 《先进运输杂志》2009,43(2):155-182
Every aircraft, military or civilian, must be grounded for maintenance after it has completed a certain number of flight hours since its last maintenance check. In this paper, we address the problem of deciding which available aircraft should fly and for how long, and which grounded aircraft should perform maintenance operations, in a group of aircraft that comprise a combat unit. The objective is to achieve maximum availability of the unit over the planning horizon. We develop a multiobjective optimization model for this problem, and we illustrate its application and solution on a real life instance drawn from the Hellenic Air Force. We also propose two heuristic approaches for solving large scale instances of the problem. We conclude with a discussion that gives insight into the behavior of the model and of the heuristics, based on the analysis of the results obtained. 相似文献
157.
轨道交通综合枢纽规划探讨 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
结合上海、昆明、深圳等城市的轨道交通综合枢纽工程,对总平面布置、各种交通方式的衔接及客流组织等内容进行了探讨,特别对城市轨道交通车站与铁路站房的衔接进行了讨论,并对福田轨道交通枢纽设计案例进行了分析。 相似文献
158.
159.
《铁道标准设计通讯》2013,(10)
在综合分析国家及区域"十二五"经济社会发展规划、中长期铁路网规划等规划基础上,预测研究年度区域各铁路客货运量、构成及其未来发展趋势;分析各铁路项目的功能定位及其在区域路网中发挥的运输效益;综合考虑经济效益、社会效益及国家宏观经济政策,提出优化广西铁路建设项目顺序和提高运能的方案,达到提前发挥投资效益的目的。 相似文献
160.
Ensuring a fleet of green aircraft is a basic step in mitigating aviation pollution issues that are expected to be worsen in the coming years due to rapid air traffic growth. This study proposed a novel methodology in green fleet planning in which both profit and green performance of airline are considered simultaneously and explicitly. To do this, a Green Fleet Index (GFI) is derived as an indicator to quantify the green performance of airline’s fleet. It measures the degree of airline compliance with a standard requirement in terms of emission, noise, and fuel consumption. A bi-objective dynamic programming model is then formulated to find optimal aircraft acquisition (lease or purchase) decision by minimizing GFI and maximizing profit. Several interesting results are obtained: (1) considering environmental issue as secondary objective yields a greener fleet; (2) airline’s profit is affected, but could be recovered from environmental cost savings; (3) increasing load factor is an effective operational improvement strategy to enhance airline’s green performance and raise profit level. It is anticipated that the framework developed in this study could assist airlines to make a smart decision when considering the need to be green. 相似文献