基于点云信息的既有线整正方法研究

为适应列车提速后高平顺性与高舒适性的需要,利用激光扫描技术获取的连续数据点云信息,通过曲率梳分析对轨道几何形位进行了描述,从曲率变化率入手,找出传统测量模式与提速行驶后现场新标准养护作业的盲区所在,并提出既有铁路曲线曲率变化率整正方法,从原有的面向过程的纯线形管理模式下的几何形位拟合思路转换为面向对象的车轨一体化线形养护新思路,使养护的线路几何形位与列车运动特性相吻合。     

隧道洞口段驾驶人眼滞后特性研究

为探究在隧道洞口段驾驶员出现视觉滞后对行车安全的影响，在大量调研的基础上建立室内试验模型，开展驾驶人在隧道行车过程中的视觉滞后试验，通过T检验分析数据增量的差异性，提出出现滞后的条件，并分析出现的原因。结果表明： 1）进入隧道，当亮度变化速率S趋于350 cd/m2·s时出现“认知滞后”，增加到约为400 cd/m2·s时出现“调节滞后”； 驶出隧道，当S趋于400 cd/m2·s时出现“认知滞后”，增加到约为500 cd/m2·s时出现“调节滞后”。2）出现“认知滞后”时，对行车安全有一定影响；出现“调节滞后”时，对行车安全的影响更大。3）可采用通过减光设施延长驾驶人视觉适应时间、细化照明分级、无极调光等方法减缓亮度变化速率，来有效抑制滞后现象，提高行车安全。     

偏刃刀圈在小转弯半径隧道施工工况中的研究与应用

为开发出适合在小转弯隧道中使用的新型滚刀刀圈，在磨粒磨损原理的基础上，通过研究CSM刀圈侧边受力模型、边缘滚刀破岩机制、磨损量预测公式，进行滚刀切削岩石试验，建立了刀圈与岩石接触力模型，分析了转弯段边缘滚刀刀圈受力情况、针对性设计了偏刃刀圈，并在山东文登小转弯半径隧道掘进段工况下进行常规刀圈和偏刃刀圈工业试验。得出结论如下： 1）TBM掘进直线隧道时边缘滚刀所受侧向力不可忽视，侧向力与刀圈同岩石的接触面积和所受的压力有关； 2）在直线工况掘进下的边缘滚刀外侧岩石几乎不发生破坏，边缘滚刀内侧对岩石具有“刮擦剪切效应”，刀圈内侧所受侧向力远大于外侧； 3）转弯段刀圈内侧受力严重偏离了正压力方向，加速边缘滚刀刀圈内侧的磨损； 4）在掘进距离达145.43 m时，19#和20#刀位的偏刃刀圈较常规刀圈磨损速率分别降低7.4%和17.5%。因此，偏刃刀圈更加适用于小转弯工况下的隧道掘进。     

不同城市规模的公共交通出行比例预测方法研究

从宏观和微观2个层面深入分析了公共交通出行比例影响因素,并根据国内外城市规模的划分标准,选取主要影响因素和不同规模的国内外典型城市,运用统计分析法确定了不同规模城市的公共交通出行比例模型。最后以中山市为例,运用上述方法,建立了适用的公共交通出行比例预测模型,并给出公共交通出行比例建议值。     

浅谈地铁制动控制与列车冲动

地铁的稳定性和舒适度正受到越来越多的重视.通过分析国内外关于列车冲击的相关标准,提出采用减速度和冲击率来评价列车冲动.研究地铁列车制动减速度与列车冲击率之间的关系,提出了针对地铁制动系统空气制动和复合制动的制动控制方法.     

高速公路避险车道设置综述

随着山区公路运营中安全问题日益显著，避险车道作为被动性的安全设施，近年来得到较大关注。避险车道设置的必要性和设置地点的选择一直是工程建设中亟待解决的难题。近年来，国内外科学家总结了工程经验法、事故率法、坡率严重度分级系统3种方案，但这3种方案均存在考虑因素不足、实用性较低、理论性不强的缺点。拟在坡率严重度分级系统的基础上，充分考虑各种影响因素，制定相对完善的实施方案。     

An improved frame-layer bit allocation scheme for H.264/AVC rate control

In this paper, we aim at improving the video quality degradation due to high motions or scene changes. An improved frame-layer bit allocation scheme for H.264/AVC rate control is proposed. First, current frame is pre-encoded in 16×16 modes with a fixed quantization parameter (QP). The frame coding complexity is then measured based on the resulting bits and peak signal-to-ratio (PSNR) in the pre-coding stage. Finally, a bit budgetis calculated for current frame according to its coding complexity and inter-frame PSNR fluctuation, combined with the buffer status. Simulation results show that, in comparison with the H.264 adopted rate control scheme, our method is more efficient to suppress the sharp PSNR drops caused by high motions and scene changes. The visual quality variations in a sequence are also relieved.     

论超限超载运输的治理

公路运输超限超载危害巨大.在加强治理超限超载过程中存在一些困难和问题,需要采取有针对性的措施加以解决.对公路超限超载危害性、治理中存在的问题以及相应对策的分析研究,对于有效治理超限超载具有重要指导意义.     

Passenger rail in North America in the light of developments in Western Europe and Japan

Because of different geo‐demographic and economic conditions, the impact of the new passenger modes (road and air) on rail travel was much larger in North America than in Europe. In 1960s and 1970s, as the railway share of intercity traffic in North America shrunk to a negligible one or two percent, the passenger trains were abandoned by private railway companies and taken over by state organizations, which have continued to operate traditional trains and generate mounting losses. On the technology side, no attempts have been made to improve competitiveness of trains vis‐a‐vis automobiles and airplanes.

In Europe and Japan, the railways responded to the challenge by (i) upgrading the performance (speed) and comfort of traditional trains operating on existing tracks and (ii) developing trains which could, on short and intermediate range distances, compete successfully, in terms of speed and economy, with the road and air modes. The Japanese (Shinkansen trains) and French (TGV trains) experience clearly shows that trains operating on dedicated lines at average speeds of 150 to 200 km/hr provide a superior transportation service and economy on high‐traffic intercity routes of up to about 500 km length. In this paper the factors responsible for the present status of passenger rail in North America are analysed, the current policies in the U.S. and Canada are evaluated in the light of experience to date and developments abroad, and suggestions for a long‐term passenger rail policy are made. This includes examination of (i) the viability of continued subsidization of traditional train services, (ii) the viability of operation of faster trains on existing tracks, (iii) the scope for introduction of modern, fast trains on dedicated lines in high‐density, intercity corridors, (iv) the application of fast trains as access to major airports and integration of airports with fast intercity lines, and (v) the impact of energy (oil) consumption in transportation.