厌氧消化过程控制因素及pH和Eh的影响分析

厌氧消化是现代废水处理中的关键技术之一。在总结已有文献的基础上,讨论厌氧消化过程的控制因素,并利用微生物学和生物化学理论分析了pH值和Eh对厌氧消化过程影响的机理;利用Nernst方程推导出了描述pH值变化对吉布斯自由能变化△G的影响的方程式;并结合已有的研究成果,总结了实际工程中的具体控制条件。     

On Social Distress,Littering and Nature Conservation: The Case of Jisr A-Zarka

Studying perceptions of litter and littering behavior among marginalized, poor and undeveloped communities is important since these populations frequently inhabit important conservation sites. Jisr-A-Zarqa ("Jisr"), is a coastal town on the Mediterranean shores of Israel and one of Israel’s poorest, densely populated communities. Litter accumulation in the streets and beach of Jisr is a known problem, and its proximity to the nearby stream and beach makes the study of littering important for the conservation of the coastal and marine habitats. I studied residents’ perceptions of litter and littering practices and found that littering and waste accumulation are surface indicators of profound underlying social, economic and political constraints, problems and distresses. These must be considered as an integrated context and addressed when designing litter-reducing interventions.     

钢筋与活性粉末混凝土黏结性能的梁式试验研究

采用梁式黏结试验研究活性粉末混凝土与钢筋的黏结性能。研究表明:活性粉末混凝土梁式试验中的黏结破坏呈现钢筋拔出破坏、钢筋拔出与混凝土劈裂破坏共同发生等两种破坏形式。活性粉末混凝土与钢筋的极限黏结强度及所对应的滑移值分别约为普通混凝土的2倍左右。通过试验给出黏结应力-滑移曲线,曲线分为微滑移段、滑移段、滑移加速段和下降段等4个阶段。分析表明:保护层厚度及埋长对钢筋黏结锚固特征值有一定的影响。本文通过试验与分析提出用相对保护层厚度及相对埋长表示各阶段黏结锚固特征值的拟合计算公式,为工程设计提供参考。     

一种用于1／2汽车主动悬架的可调模糊控制器

本文对用于1／2汽车主动悬架系统的模糊控制器进行了研究。在设计模糊控制器时，引入模糊控制规则调整因子，使得控制策略灵活，适应性强，并以模拟路面时间历程为输入对汽车1／2主动悬架模型进行计算机仿真，结果表明用这种可调模糊控制器控制的主动悬架，汽车的适性和操纵稳定性都得到了明显改善。     

透水生态混凝土与植草性能的研究

生态植草混凝土是一类能够适宜草本植物生长的多孔透水混凝土,本文就多孔混凝土的组成对植草性能的影响以及不同草种在多孔混凝土中的生长情况进行了研究.研究结果表明:利用粒径比较大、比较集中的集料制备的混凝土有利于提高空隙率和孔隙的尺寸及连通程度,用矿物掺合料代替部分水泥有利于降低pH值,用再生集料代替天然集料有利于提高混凝土保水能力,这些都有利于草在多孔混凝土中的生长.顶峰和交战两个草种比较适合在多孔混凝土中生长.     

Determining the Monetary Value of Quality Attributes in Freight Transportation Using a Stated Preference Approach

It is commonly accepted that the modal choice of a shipper is influenced not only by the pure economic attributes of transportation – time and cost – but also by more qualitative factors. These quality attributes relate to frequency, reliability, flexibility, transport duration and risk of loss or damage; they are usually difficult to quantify in monetary terms. Different techniques exist that help to understand better how these different quality attributes of freight transportation influence modal choice. In this paper we apply a stated preference design. Using real business data, the aim is then to derive partial utility functions that allow us to calculate monetary values for these different quality attributes.     

Linking Chinese cultural values and the adoption of electric vehicles: The mediating role of ethical evaluation

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been regarded as one of the most prominent green technologies, touted to help reduce global energy consumption and carbon emissions. China advocates the development of EVs to address the increasing challenges of climate change, urban air pollution and energy security, but consumers’ enthusiasm for adopting EVs remains low. In this paper, we present a concept model that hypothesizes Chinese cultural values as a key to understanding Chinese consumers’ intention to adopt EVs. Based on a nationwide online survey in China, this study explores Chinese consumers’ attitudes toward two types of EVs—battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles—by identifying the influence of the human–nature relationship, long-term orientation, face consciousness, and risk attitude, as well as the mediating effect of deontological ethical evaluation in decision-making. The results suggest that public policy and social marketing efforts should pay more attention to the role of cultural values when promoting environmentally sustainable technologies, and importantly, that the promotion efforts should differ for different cultural elements and products with different levels of innovativeness.     

公路隧道超欠挖统计规律研究

采用近景摄影的方法,从隧道开挖毛洞中获取围岩超欠招数据,通过数理统计的方法,分析各类围岩超欠控的数字特征及概率分布,同时得出各类围岩超欠挖在隧道断面不同部位的分布规律,为隧道结构的可靠度研究提供可靠参数,也为隧道工程质量控制提供基准．     

不同材质闸瓦的等效(二次换算)系数近似取值的修正

现时我国铁路普通货物列车与普通旅客列车已用高磷铸铁闸瓦取代中磷铸铁闸瓦,而不同材质闸瓦车辆混编主要发生在90km/h以下的普通货物列车。鉴于铸铁闸瓦和低摩合成闸瓦的摩擦系数均受制动初速影响,所以相关的等效(二次换算)系数要按普通货物列车的制动初速约80km/h进行修正。具体修正的不同材质闸瓦的等效(二次换算)系数推荐用于编制机车车辆每台(辆)等效换算闸瓦力表及其他相关方面。     

Study on fast calibration of a ULA＇s gain and phase error

Array calibration is important in engineering practice. In this paper, fast calibration methods for a ULA＇s gain and phase errors both in far and near fields are proposed. In the far field, using a single sound source without exact orientation, this method horizontally rotates the array exactly once, performs eigen value decomposition for the covariance matrix of received data, then computes the gain and phase error according to the formulas. In the near field, using the same single sound source, it is necessary to rotate the array horizontally at most three times, build equations according to geometric relations, then solve them. Using the formula proposed in this paper, spherical waves are modified into plane waves. Then eigen values decomposition is performed. These two calibration methods were shown to be valid by simulation and are fast, accurate and easy to use. Finally, an analysis of factors influencing estimation precision is given.