Rapid estimation of electric vehicle acceptance using a general description of driving patterns

A reliable estimate of the potential for electrification of personal automobiles in a given region is dependent on detailed understanding of vehicle usage in that region. While broad measures of driving behavior, such as annual miles traveled or the ensemble distribution of daily travel distances are widely available, they cannot be predictors of the range needs or fuel-saving potential that influence an individual purchase decision. Studies that record details of individual vehicle usage over a sufficient time period are available for only a few regions in the US. In this paper we compare statistical characterization of four such studies (three in the US, one in Germany) and find remarkable similarities between them, and that they can be described quite accurately by properly chosen set of distributions. This commonality gives high confidence that ensemble data can be used to predict the spectrum of usage and acceptance of alternative vehicles in general. This generalized representation of vehicle usage may also be a powerful tool in estimating real-world fuel consumption and emissions.     

马歇尔试验曲线特性分析

马歇尔试验广泛应用于世界各国的路面设计中,也是我国沥青混合料设计规范中的标准试验方法。在多年的实践中,人们习惯性地关注稳定度、流值、空隙率、饱和度、密度指标,而很少留意于马歇尔试验曲线的变化及其影响因素。在实验设备允许的范围内,使稳定度试验达到极限变形,绘制试件完整的荷载变形曲线,在此基础上分析曲线的形态和影响因素,得到了有益的结论。     

基于单片机的船舶避碰预警系统设计与实现

随着我国水上交通日新月异的发展，船舶避碰一直是各领域关注的焦点。本文在分析和比较现阶段的船舶避碰技术基础上，利用AT89c52单片机为硬件平台，实现对激光测距仪的控制，开发了船舶主动避碰预警系统。本系统具有精度高、价格低廉同时又具有测距测高功能。     

基于热管理的甲醇燃料电池增程器布置分析

由于纯电动汽车动力蓄电池储能有限,所以,燃料电池以高效率、无污染、高可靠性的特点成为电动汽车增程器的研究热点。文章以市场上某款纯电动汽车为研究对象,将甲醇燃料电池增程器布置在车辆前舱内,对不同车速下燃料电池增程器三维模型的温度场分布进行仿真。仿真结果表明:车辆静止时,甲醇燃料电池以额定功率工作会影响前舱部件正常工作,当车辆以超过30 km/h的速度行驶,可以忽略燃料电池增程器对前舱部件的影响。试验结果验证了仿真结果的准确性,对于实车燃料电池增程器的布置和控制策略的制定具有一定的参考价值。     

Energy recovery based on pedal situation for regenerative braking system of electric vehicle

ABSTRACT

Energy recovery is a key technology to improve energy efficiency and extend driving range of electric vehicle. It is still a challenging issue to maximise energy recovery. We present an energy recovery mode (mode A) which recovers braking energy under all situations that accelerator pedal (AP) is lifted, brake pedal (BP) is depressed, as well as AP and BP are released completely; and propose a control strategy of regenerative braking based on driver's intention identified by a fuzzy recognition method. Other two modes: (1) recovery braking energy only the BP is depressed (mode B), (2) no energy recovery, have been studied to compare with mode A. Simulations are carried out on different adhesion conditions. Recovered energy and driving range are also obtained under FTP75 driving cycle. Road test is implemented to validate simulation results. Results show that mode A can improve energy recovery by almost 15.8% compared with mode B, and extend driving range by almost 8.81% compared with mode B and 20.39% with the mode of no energy recovery; the control strategy of regenerative braking can balance energy recovery and braking stability. The proposed energy recovery mode provides a possibility to achieve a single-pedal design of the electric vehicle.     

简析奥迪A8前照灯照程无级调节

装有自适应车灯的2010款奥迪A8能根据当前的环境和交通情况来对前照灯照明距离进行近光灯与远光灯之间的无级调节。本文针对该可变照明系统的功能和控制进行分析和介绍。     

串联式混合动力汽车动力系统设计及道路试验

通过对电动汽车电动机、传动系传动比和电池组容量参数设计,将改装后的车辆进行一系列的道路试验,通过对试验数据的分析,从而验证了文中的传动系统参数选择的合理性及日后投产的可行性。     

船用一体化封闭式燃油炉灶设计

针对现有船舶厨房中采用的敞开式燃油炉灶不能在负压条件下正常燃烧,且存在危及厨房安全和影响工作环境的问题,提出采用一体化封闭式燃油炉灶,分析其结构特点和系统压力匹配,认为一体化封闭式燃油炉灶能有效应用于各类船舶厨房,替代现有的敞开式燃油炉灶。     

崔家营枢纽导流明渠防护工程效果*

依托汉江崔家营航电枢纽工程施工期导流明渠运行期的原型观测,对比导流明渠运行期河床的冲淤变化,并结合不同流量下的流速、流态,分析导流明渠防护工程的防护效果以及范围的合理性。分析表明:守护工程整体是稳定的,防护效果较好,特别是岸坡防护工程基本未发生破坏现象;导流明渠下段护脚工程发生了冲刷破坏,为了岸坡的整体稳定,应适当扩大守护宽度;导流明渠下游段的守护范围可适当下延。     

弹性变形对大口径炮弹气动特性影响的靶道试验

为了研究气动弹性对大口径炮弹气动特性和飞行稳定性的影响,利用室内弹道靶道,进行了大口径柔性和刚性炮弹模型的靶道自由飞行试验,利用试验数据判读处理出模型飞行过程中的飞行速度、攻角、进动角、空间质心坐标x,y,z和柔性弹模型的弹性变形量,拟合处理出其主要气动力和力矩系数,对比分析了大口径柔性和刚性炮弹模型的动特性和飞行稳定性。研究结果表明,柔性弹模型的阻力系数明显大于刚性弹模型的阻力系数,柔性弹模型变形后升阻比降低,滚转力矩显著增大;根据拍摄的闪光阴影照片和数据处理得到的章动曲线可看出,柔性弹的弹性变形对弹丸稳定性有较大影响,导致弹丸飞行不稳定。