试论武术中的艺术美

武术是中国运动项目的国粹,而以动作繁杂、姿态优美的套路,无论在技击还是表演等方面,无不含有艺术性,其中所包含的美更是给人以赏心悦目的理智情感,愉悦身心。本文利用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等方法从艺术美的基本特征出发,结合武术套路运动,通过对人体的动作性、动作的节奏性、体姿的意境性三个方面进行分析,以显示武术套路中艺术美的基本特征,让人以美的角度去欣赏武术套路,从而陶冶情操。     

预裂爆破技术在某洞库高直边墙开挖中的应用研究

以某洞库工程主洞室中层开挖施工为背景,洞室基岩为中粗粒花岗岩,其间穿插其它岩脉,如何保证安全和洞库工程的成型质量最为关键。在高直边墙中,采用预裂爆破技术,在对中层开挖方案研究的基础上,通过试验确定了预裂爆破参数和围岩Q值的选取,成功实现了大型洞室高直边墙预裂爆破,大大提高了洞库工程成型质量,并确保了安全。     

智能交通系统中动态路径诱导算法分析

对智能交通中动态路径诱导算法进行较为系统的综述。首先,从微观和宏观角度对动态诱导系统中需要用到的交通参数模型进行分析和比较,并列举几种交通参数模型;然后,对一些经典路网寻优算法进行分析,并引用一些专家学者的研究成果;最后,对动态路径诱导算法的未来发展方向进行探讨。     

基于主成分分析的舰船装备维修费组合预测

针对基于回归的组合预测模型,由于舰船装备维修费预测时可利用的样本小、可用的单项预测方法多,容易导致预测模型的数量比用于组合预测的样本数量多,出现回归系数无法估计的问题。在建立基于回归的舰船装备维修费组合预测模型前,首先对各单项预测方法预测结果进行主成分分析,建立舰船装备维修费实际值在选取主成分上的回归模型,给出基于主成分分析的组合预测模型;然后针对主成分分析中根据主成分的累积贡献率确定主成分数量具有一定的主观性,建议采用AIC确定主成分的数量;最后,采用实例对给出的方法进行分析和验证。结果表明：在舰船装备维修费组合预测中,该方法不仅解决了预测模型多于用来组合预测的样本数量问题,而且还可以解决单项预测方法之间的共线性问题,且其预测性能明显优于常用的组合预测模型。     

边坡稳定性模糊随机可靠度分析

考虑可靠性分析中结构极限状态变量在零值附近的模糊区间, 建立边坡稳定性模糊随机可靠度分析模型。研究了在土性参数变异性、模糊失效概率隶属度函数梯形与岭形分布类型情况下, 模糊区间宽率与偏度对模糊可靠指标的影响。分析结果显示: 偏度与可靠性指标曲线的斜率随宽率的减小而减小, 且其趋势与参数变异性与模糊失效概率隶属度函数类型无关; 对于宽率的某一确定值而言, 偏度的增大会导致模糊可靠指标的降低; 土性参数变异性的增加会导致模糊可靠指标的降低。     

连续长大下坡路段交通事故特征分析

在对连续长大下坡路段交通事故数据和道路设计参数调查的基础上, 分析了连续长大下坡路段的交通安全状况, 讨论了急弯陡坡、连续陡坡和连续缓坡3种线形组合形式路段的交通事故特征和事故原因。结合典型长大下坡路段的交通事故数据, 运用数理统计与回归分析方法, 研究了交通事故与道路纵断面参数之间的关系。分析结果表明: 在连续长大下坡路段地点坡度为3%~4%时, 事故率最高; 事故率与事故发生地点前2 km以上路段平均坡度呈显著的指数关系, 所建立回归模型的判定系数高于0.84。     

Is equilibrium in transport pure Nash,mixed or Stochastic?

The classical theory of transport equilibrium is based on the Wardrop’s first principle that describes a Nash User Equilibrium (UE), where in no driver can unilaterally change routes to improve his/her travel times. A growing number of economic laboratory experiments aiming at testing Nash-Wardrop equilibrium have shown that the Pure Strategy Nash Equilibrium (PSNE) is not able to explain the observed strategic choices well. In addition even though Mixed Strategy Nash Equilibrium (MSNE) has been found to fit better the observed aggregate choices, it does not explain the variance in choices well. This study analyses choices made by users in three different experiments involving strategic interactions in endogenous congestion to evaluate equilibrium prediction. We compare the predictions of the PSNE, MSNE and Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE). In SUE, the observed variations in choices are assumed to be due to perception errors. The study proposes a method to iteratively estimate SUE models on choice data with strategic interactions. Among the three sets of experimental data the SUE approach was found to accurately predict the average choices, as well as the variances in choices. The fact that the SUE model was found to accurately predict variances in choices, suggests its applicability for transport equilibrium models that attempt to evaluate reliability in transportation systems. This finding is fundamental in the effort to determining a behaviourally consistent paradigm to model equilibrium in transport networks. The study also finds that Fechner error which is the inverse of the scale parameter in the SUE model is affected by the group sizes and the complexity of the cost function. In fact, the larger group sizes and complexity of cost functions increased the variability in choices. Finally, from an experimental design standpoint we show that it is not possible to estimate a noise parameter associate to Fechner error in the case when the choices are equally probable.     

SLG6140HH型客车设计

论述SLG6140HH型客车的造型特点、车身结构特点及主要技术参数。     

齿轮箱滑油系统静电监测

利用某新型3 499.5 kW齿轮箱试验台搭建了用于齿轮箱地面试车磨损状态监控的滑油静电监测系统, 完成了齿轮箱滑油系统全流量磨粒静电监测试验, 通过连续加载试验和加速寿命试验采集了原始静电信号, 提取时域信号的均方根值作为特征参数, 表征滑油中颗粒荷电情况, 在2个试验阶段分别分析了静电信号的变化趋势, 并与MetalSCAN在线监测数据和油样光谱离线分析结果进行对比验证。分析结果表明: 在连续加载试验阶段, 滑油静电信号随着转速变化细微波动; 加速寿命试验阶段, 齿轮箱单个循环试验的静电信号均与扭矩同步变化; 在加速寿命试验第8次循环的极限载荷试验阶段监测到2号齿轮箱异常磨损, 而1号齿轮箱正常运行, 与MetalSCAN和光谱分析结果相符; 齿轮箱拆机故障检测发现了2号齿轮箱联轴器膜片疲劳裂纹和高速输出轴齿轮齿根点蚀现象。这证明了静电监测方法用于齿轮箱磨损状态监测的可行性和有效性, 为进一步实现齿轮箱寿命预测和实际风场装机在线监测奠定了基础。     

Socially optimal electric driving range of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

This study determines the optimal electric driving range of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) that minimizes the daily cost borne by the society when using this technology. An optimization framework is developed and applied to datasets representing the US market. Results indicate that the optimal range is 16 miles with an average social cost of $3.19 per day when exclusively charging at home, compared to $3.27 per day of driving a conventional vehicle. The optimal range is found to be sensitive to the cost of battery packs and the price of gasoline. When workplace charging is available, the optimal electric driving range surprisingly increases from 16 to 22 miles, as larger batteries would allow drivers to better take advantage of the charging opportunities to achieve longer electrified travel distances, yielding social cost savings. If workplace charging is available, the optimal density is to deploy a workplace charger for every 3.66 vehicles. Moreover, the diversification of the battery size, i.e., introducing a pair and triple of electric driving ranges to the market, could further decrease the average societal cost per PHEV by 7.45% and 11.5% respectively.