Instantaneous communication throughputs of vehicular ad hoc networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) formed by connected vehicles in a traffic stream could be applied to improve safety, mobility, and environmental impacts of a transportation system. In this paper, we present analytical models for the instantaneous communication throughputs of VANETs to measure the efficiency of information propagation under various traffic conditions at a time instant. In particular, we define broadcast and unicast communication throughputs by the wireless channel bandwith multiplied by the average probabilities that one vehicle is a successful receiver and sender in a VAENT, respectively. With a protocol communication model, we derive formulas to determine the probabilities for an equipped vehicle to be a successful broadcast receiver and a successful unicast receiver/sender, and obtain broadcast and unicast throughputs along discrete and continuous traffic streams. We further examine the impacts on communication throughputs of the transmission range and the interference range of dedicated short range communication devices as well as the market penetration rate of equipped vehicles and the percentage of senders. Finally, we investigate the influence of shock waves on communication throughputs.     

CATIA二次开发在船舶建模与评估中的应用

为提高CATIA在船舶建模评估应用中的效率与精度,使用VB编程语言对CATIA进行二次开发,建立界面,不仅可方便地输入舵参数,快速创建舵和舵踵曲面,而且可设定吃水高度、海水密度、船壳厚度等,以统计主尺度、船形系数和尺度比等多种船体主要要素并自动导出,大幅提高多方案建模与评估的工作效率。给出程序思想和关键程序代码,对相关软件开发具有参考作用。     

Young people and the private car: A love-hate relationship

Urban mobility is one of the main concerns of the public authorities in developed countries. In France, household travel surveys are conducted every ten years in major cities to gather weekday mobility data. They enable decision-makers to better understand travel patterns, their change and their determinants, in order to adapt transport infrastructures to the population′s needs. While the automobile has allowed the level of mobility to increase since 1950, an unexpected finding has emerged from recent surveys in most developed countries, namely that there has been a marked decline in car use. Analyses show that this trend is mainly because young adults (18–34 years old) are less likely to acquire a driver′s license. This paper tries to better understand the decrease in the rate of driver′s license holding among young adults in the Lyon conurbation and to quantify the impact of the main explanatory factors in a temporal perspective. It also aims to analyze the consequences of this trend on private car use as a driver for daily trips. It quantifies the influence of economic, socio-demographic and spatial factors on driver ′ s license holding and car use by considering the responses to the last three household travels surveys conducted in the Lyon conurbation area (1995, 2006 and 2015). The temporal dimension allows us to highlight a change in the relationship between young adults and the private car in the French context.     

大跨度斜拉桥施工控制的多元统计敏感性分析

为掌握大跨度斜拉桥结构参数变异对结构状态的影响规律,确保斜拉桥的施工安全和工程质量,针对该类型桥梁施工控制参数敏感性分析的实际需求,考虑不同结构参数和不同结构部位相同结构参数的变异性,实现了大跨度斜拉桥施工过程控制中的多元统计敏感性分析.从统计学角度明确了参数敏感性分析为边缘分布问题后,将试验设计方法引入统计多参数敏感...     

荷坳隧道四洞小净距段支护结构设计研究北大核心CSCD

多洞空间小净距隧道支护结构参数量化设计与安全性分析是当前设计中的一大难题。文章针对深圳机荷高速公路荷坳隧道四洞小净距段的设计,采用总安全系数法对四洞的开挖与支护模式、各洞的开挖顺序及支护参数进行了研究比较,并采用隧规荷载-结构法、增量法、地层-结构法对支护结构的安全系数进行了对比计算,得出以下结论:(1)提出了基于总安全系数法原理的多洞空间小净距隧道设计方法;(2)根据总安全系数法得出了荷坳隧道四洞小净距段应采用“先行洞二次衬砌完成后再开挖下一孔隧道”的开挖与支护模式,且应按洞1→洞2→洞3→洞4的开挖顺序施工;(3)隧规荷载-结构法、增量法、地层-结构法虽无法得出结构的总承载安全系数,但在一定程度上可以反应部分支护结构的安全性。     

电动汽车动力电池低温性能研究与应用

电动汽车锂离子动力电池在低温条件下工作时,电池的内阻明显升高、功率和能量急剧下降,导致整车低温下动力性能不足、续驶里程不足、充电受限等问题。通过试验进行了动力电池的低温特性研究,提出了适合整车低温工作的解决方案,通过实车验证,达到了很好的效果。     

基于机器视觉的车辆检测与参数识别研究进展

近年来公路交通运输快速增长,交通车辆的快速准确检测与识别对智能交通系统和交通基础设施运维具有重要意义.随着机器视觉和深度学习技术的迅速发展及其在目标检测领域的广泛应用,车辆目标检测和参数识别也取得新的突破.该文从车辆参数的识别方法和应用研究两方面梳理了机器视觉和深度学习在车辆检测与参数识别领域的研究现状、最新研究成果和...     

基于响应面和遗传算法的柴油机瞬态过程喷油参数优化

基于台架试验数据,利用响应面法建立了某工程机械用柴油机瞬态过程喷油参数与性能的近似高精度模型,基于此模型采用遗传算法对瞬态过程喷油参数分别进行离线优化研究。结果表明:采用单目标优化确定的燃油消耗率(BSFC)、NO_x比排放量和颗粒质量(PM)比排放量的优化极限分别可达180.23g/(kW·h),8.92g/(kW·h)和0.011 8g/(kW·h),相对原机可降低多达4.5%,34.0%和37.3%。双目标优化的Pareto解集表明,相比于同时优化BSFC和NO_x比排放量,BSFC和PM比排放量更容易同时得到优化。采用权重因子适应度函数的三目标优化结果对应的BSFC,NO_x比排放量及PM比排放量分别为184.70g/(kW·h),12.62g/(kW·h)和0.012 2g/(kW·h),较原机分别降低2.1%,6.6%和35.3%。改进优化模型后,性能优化Pareto解集对应的BSFC和PM比排放量水平都非常接近其优化极限,但NO_x比排放量相对其优化极限仍然较高。     

U形肋正交异性组合桥面板构造参数分析

针对U形肋+平钢板+混凝土板形成的正交异性组合桥面板,利用Ansys空间有限元软件,对组合桥面板的U形肋尺寸、U形肋间距、横隔板间距、钢顶板厚度及混凝土板厚度等主要构造参数进行研究,提出U形肋正交异性组合桥面板的合理构造尺寸,为今后设计提供了有益的参考。     

水泥混凝土路面的温度梯度日极值预估

温度梯度的大小受外界环境如气温、辐射、风雨等因素的影响较为显著,基于大同、宁波、广州三个气象观测站近一年的气象、路面温度等数据的采集分析,引入前一日的太阳辐射数据(Q-1)作为预估模型的参数,提高了前人基于气象参数对水泥混凝土路面日温度梯度最大值的预估模型的精度;采用路面表层温度这一较容易获取的温度数据(包括路表日最高温度Ts,max与路表日最低温度Ts,min)对标准厚度路面的日最大温度梯度进行预估的模型;引进路面温度梯度日振幅ΔTg这一概念,提出路面日温度梯度最小值与日温度梯度最大值之间的指数关系。