The residential parking rent price elasticity of car ownership in Japan

By using household-level micro data captured through the National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure for 2004, this study evaluates the residential parking rent price elasticity of car ownership in Japan. It analyzes the number of cars owned by a household, using various attributes including expenditure for renting a parking space on a monthly basis. The estimation results derived from the IV-ordered probit model show that the absolute value of parking rent price elasticity of car ownership is, at most, 0.48, which is fairly small (i.e., inelastic). The elasticity value varies depending on city size; for megacities, elasticity is always negative for car ownership, whereas for middle-sized or small cities, towns, and villages, elasticity is positive for one-car ownership and negative for the ownership of more than one car. Hence, when the price of parking increases, some people may switch from more than one car to one car and some people in megacities may switch from one to zero cars. Indeed, the net effect of a price increase may be that non-car ownership increases in megacities and one-car ownership increases in other cities.     

Numerical analysis of electric bus fast charging strategies for demand charge reduction

Electric transit buses have been recognized as an important alternative to diesel buses with many environmental benefits. Electric buses employing lithium titanate batteries can provide uninterrupted transit service thanks to their ability of fast charging. However, fast charging may result in high demand charges which will increase the fuel costs thereby limiting the electric bus market penetration. In this paper, we simulated daily charging patterns and demand charges of a fleet of electric buses in Tallahassee, Florida and identified an optimal charging strategy to minimize demand charges. It was found that by using a charging threshold of 60–64%, a $160,848 total saving in electricity cost can be achieved for a five electric bus fleet, comparing to a charging threshold of 0–28%. In addition, the impact of fleet sizes on the fuel cost was investigated. Fleets of 4 and 12 buses will achieve the lowest cost per mile driven when one fast charger is installed.     

Gender differences in travel behaviour and willingness to adopt sustainable behaviour

This paper presents pioneering research on gender differences in travel behaviour in southeastern Europe. The study analyses the socio-economic and main travel characteristics (particularly parking) of men and women. Additionally, it examines the influence of parking demand management measures on their behaviour, in terms of the willingness of men and women to reduce car use and to adopt more sustainable behaviour. The results reveal significant differences between genders in most of the characteristics examined. Moreover, it is shown that women are less car dependent and more sensitive to parking pricing and, therefore, more willing to replace a car journey with public transport. These findings suggest that gender should be an essential parameter when user behaviour is examined and modelled. Furthermore, the results indicate that gender differences must be considered when transport policy is created to affect the behaviour of men and women equally. The achievement of social equality is one of the primary objectives of sustainable development.     

城市中心区停车规划策略研究

中心区交通拥堵、停车困难是大城市普遍存在的问题,而调查发现中心区的停车设施利用率却普遍不高。该文从重庆观音桥商业中心区的停车现状着手,分析其存在的问题,提出了依托公共交通方式控制停车总量、利用外围停车引导车流、构建地下停车道路系统、建立停车信息系统等规划策略,并针对现状问题做出了具体的改善措施。该文对其他城市中心区的停车系统规划有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于当量轴次和当量系数理论的计重收费计算方法研究

基于当量轴次和当量系数提出当量系数法,建立收费标准的确定模型和方法。由该方法得到的收费标准能够在满足公路投资者经济利益的同时,有效遏制超限超载现象的蔓延。首先通过分析各省现行的计重收费方案选择出较为合理的收费模式;然后,提出一种当量系数法,运用当量轴次理论建立不同车型、车货总重的车辆引起的道路破坏费用模型,以此为基础建立分车型收费的数学模型;并在此模型基础上,扩展构建计重收费标准计算模型,从而得出基本费率和超限加收系数;最后,通过在河南省高速公路计重收费中的应用,证明了计算模型的准确性和实用性。     

乐山市停车战略分区规划研究

停车战略分区规划,是停车系统规划的首要及关键问题。根据停车战略分区的原则和依据,以乐山为例,提出适合乐山发展的停车战略分区以及各区域相应的停车战略,可为各区域停车设施供应总量及结构规划提供依据。     

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主要通过运用敏感性分析、博弈比较的方法,对电动汽车实际运营过程中息息相关的充电电价进行了量化分析。首先采用相关研究资料,从充电站运营商、电动汽车使用者和电力供应商三方面分别给出敏感性分析模型,从中寻求与充电电价相关的主要因素。然后通过博弈分析比较,对政府、使用者和充电方共同形成的三方博弈分别进行比较分析,均衡三方各自利益取向,给出了三方均可接受的充电电价浮动区间,从而为电动汽车的推广提供一定的决策参考依据。     

城市快速公交(BRT)专用道客运能力探讨

从分析车辆的制动过程出发,推导出在保证公交车辆安全和满足乘客基本舒适条件下公交车辆最小车头时距的计算方法,在此基础上对理想道路交通条件下(即不考虑停靠站等因素的影响)快速公交系统专用道的理论客运能力进行了研究.通过分析停靠站停靠能力的影响因素,探讨了在考虑停靠站影响条件下BRT实际客运能力的计算方法,并给出了不同车辆配置、不同停靠滞留时间和不同停靠泊位数所对应的BRT实际客运能力值.     

福州市停车问题及对策分析

从多个角度分析了福州市停车问题的现状及停车难产生的原因,借鉴国内外的先进停车经验,把停车问题看成一个系统工程,给出了解决停车问题的对策和建议,最终目的是通过发展“静态”交通完善“动态”交通,从而合理规划城市停车设施的布局,解决停车难的问题。     

交通需求管理措施及实施效果的调查研究

交通需求管理提供了解决交通问题的方法,可为经济、社会以及环境带来一定的收益,但不同城市和地区的交通问题有所不同．必须根据各自城市的实际特点制定出切实可行具体方法,交通需求管理才能成为解决城市交通问题的有效手段。