美国城市停车政策解析

为借鉴美国城市停车政策从充分满足需求到停车需求管理转变的成功经验,回顾了美国城市停车政策的发展历史,并对21世纪以来美国城市停车政策发展的新趋势进行解析.指出城市停车政策对出行方式选择和城市空间环境规划设计具有重大影响,进而对城市交通拥堵、空气质量、土地开发密度、街道活力、步行交通环境等产生影响.最后,针对当前中国城市...     

城市商业广场地下停车场交通设计若干理念

通过调查,分析了大型商业广场地下停车场的主要特征与使用特点.结合实例,从商业广场地下停车场内外部交通组织、车库内部分区、出口引导标识和人性化交通设施设计等方面出发,论述了大型商业广场地下停车场交通设计的若干理念与具体实现形式,为城市大型商业建筑地下停车场交通设计提供了必要的理念支撑.     

基于混合A*和可变半径RS曲线的自动泊车路径优化方法

路径规划是自动泊车系统的重要组成部分,是确保泊车运动安全、缩短行车距离、提高乘坐舒适性的关键。而当前自动泊车规划系统往往面临行驶空间狭小、障碍物多、路径搜索难度大等技术挑战,同时搜索曲线半径固定容易导致路径接点处曲率不连续,增大了路径跟随控制难度和轮胎磨损程度,这些都提升了泊车路径规划的研究难度。针对以上问题,设计可变半径的Reeds-Shepp曲线,提出基于混合A^*和该曲线的自动泊车路径规划方法,通过调整曲线半径,提升其在复杂场景下路径的搜索能力和灵活性。随后,设计基于分段贝塞尔曲线和梯度下降的路径优化方法,利用其多阶导数连续的优势优化已搜索的路径曲率,并采用梯度下降来保证路径曲率大小和对障碍的规避,解决直线与圆弧相接等位置曲率变化不连续的难题。结合路径搜索与路径优化的泊车规划方法能够切实满足复杂场景下的泊车需要。最后,基于团队自主研发的PanoSim虚拟系统与MATLAB搭建联合仿真环境,针对多种自动泊车工况测试验证提出的方法。研究结果表明：调整Reeds-Shepp曲线的搜索半径进行全局路径搜索,可获得更短和更易跟随的路径,具有良好的灵活性;基于贝塞尔曲线和梯度下降法的路径优化可有效消除曲率突变点、约束路径曲率并保证对障碍的无碰撞要求。     

折叠V型夹层板舷侧结构的耐撞性能优化设计

基于传统加筋形式的船舶舷侧结构,提出一种新式折叠V型夹层板舷侧结构,针对其复杂的耐撞性优化问题,分别利用GA-BP-GA方法和直观分析法对其开展耐撞性能优化设计,并验证了GA-BP-GA方法的可行性与准确性。结果表明:经遗传算法优化后的BP神经网络具有较优的训练精度和泛化能力;与原设计相比,GA-BPGA最优设计的耐撞性能提高了21.0%,高于正交最优设计的16.5%和直观优化的6.3%;GA-BP-GA最优设计关于耐撞性指标的预测值与有限元仿真值之间的相对误差均小于3.5%,具有较高的可信度。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTS FOR PANEL FORMING BASED ON CAD/CAE SYSTEM

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基于智能体模拟的浮动式停车价格实施效果研究

在城市机动车保有量快速增长的背景下，制定合理的停车价格对缓解停车难问题具有重要的作用. 基于多智能体的建模方法，结合典型城市商业区停车调查数据搭建仿真环境，通过编程实现停车过程中的行为决策规则，建立浮动式停车价格下的路内停车模拟平台，并对浮动式停车价格的实施效果进行研究. 模拟结果表明，浮动式停车价格策略的实施不仅使路内停车资源的利用更为均衡，区域内车位紧张状况有所缓解，停车寻泊时间有所减少，还提高了周边道路上车辆运行速度. 本研究可以为提高停车效率、缓解区域道路交通拥堵提供一定决策建议.     

Dynamic demand estimation and microscopic traffic simulation of a university campus transportation network

Abstract

This article documents the authors' experience with the modeling, simulation, and analysis of a university transportation system, using the TRansportation ANalysis and SIMulation System (TRANSIMS). The processes of data preparation and network coding are described, followed by the algorithm developed to estimate the dynamic 24-hour demand, which includes a procedure for estimating the ‘desirability’ of the different parking lots from readily available data. The dynamic demand estimation algorithm is validated by comparing estimated and observed parking lot occupancies, where it is shown that the algorithm is capable of replicating observed results. Finally, an example is included to demonstrate how the developed model can be used in campus transportation planning. Besides serving as a first case study for using TRANSIMS to model a university campus, the study's contributions include the development of a procedure for parking lot desirability ranking and a practical procedure for estimating dynamic demand on university campuses.     

A study on smart parking guidance algorithm

Parking problem becomes one of major issues in the city transportation management since the spatial resource of a city is limited and the parking cost is expensive. Lots of cars on the road should spend unnecessary time and consume energy during searching for parking due to limited parking space. To cope with these limitations and give more intelligent solutions to drivers in the selection of parking facility, this study proposes a smart parking guidance algorithm. The proposed algorithm supports drivers to find the most appropriate parking facility considering real-time status of parking facilities in a city. To suggest the most suitable parking facility, several factors such as driving distance to the guided parking facility, walking distance from the guided parking facility to destination, expected parking cost, and traffic congestion due to parking guidance, are considered in the proposed algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, simulation tests have been carried out. The proposed algorithm helps to maximize the utilization of space resources of a city, and reduce unnecessary energy consumption and CO₂ emission of wandering cars since it is designed to control the utilization of parking facility efficiently and reduce traffic congestion due to parking space search.     

高速磁浮列车车体承载结构优化设计研究

高度轻量化设计是具有三明治复合板结构特征的高速磁浮列车技术关键之一。本文首先通过对多种三明治复合板建模方法的分析比较,探讨了适合于三明治板大型结构有限元分析的既有工程精度又较为经济的建模方法;然后,运用优化技术对三明治复合板高速磁浮车体承载结构,建立了以车体结构轻量化为目标函数,以板厚为设计变量,以应力、挠度和一阶弯曲自振频率为约束条件的优化设计模型,并进行结构优化分析研究,获得了高速磁浮车体承载结构的轻量化优化设计方案。