滑油污染度对车用柴油机台架磨合过程影响研究

利用油液检测技术中光谱分析、颗粒度分析和铁谱分析方法，研究了滑油污染度对CA6110Z-07Y型柴油机磨合过程的影响，光谱分析和颗粒粒度分析结果表明：1号机和3号机磨损性元素Fe，Cu，Al和Pb的含量在25～30min有一个明显下降量，说明柴油机润滑油完全经过滑油滤器的循环周期约为25min．由于3台机使用的是国产CD40润滑油，所有磨损性元素Fe，Cu，Al和Pb的含量在45min的磨合过程中均呈上升趋势，表明45min后仍未达到良好的磨合结果．同时，铁谱分析也证实了光谱分析和颗粒计数的结果．     

基于联合粒子滤波的系统误差修正方法

在非线性滤波系统中,线性化误差和系统误差是影响滤波精度的两个主要因素.提出联合粒子滤波方法,在减少线性化误差的同时,能够实时估计系统误差的大小并自适应地消除其影响.说话人跟踪仿真实验结果验证了此方法的有效性.     

考虑客流空间分布的地铁列车节能时刻表优化方法

客流变化引起的列车质量变化是影响地铁列车能耗与节能运行的重要因素之一. 本文考虑地铁线路客流空间分布差异，研究耗散型再生制动能利用方式下的列车节能时刻表优化方法. 结合各区间载荷差异和列车运动方程，建立以净能耗最小为目标的时刻表优化模型，通过适度优化计划停站时间、区间运行时间和折返时间协同多列车牵引、巡航、惰行和制动过程的时空分布，设计二分法和粒子群算法对模型求解. 以北京地铁某线路进行实例研究，结果表明，优化模型能有效协同多列车的节能运行，考虑客流空间分布差异比假定列车载荷为常数能进一步提升节能效果.     

公路路基拓宽优化设计改进粒子群算法

考虑单位路段内的工程数量、公路占地、边坡稳定等因素,建立以最优造价为目标函数的路基拓宽优化设计数学模型;引入具有一定全局搜索能力和较快收敛速度的粒子群算法并予以改进,得到了基于改进粒子群算法的路基拓宽优化设计方法,并编制相应优化计算程序.最后结合算例,给出不同条件下路基断面的拓宽形式,同时,对比分析证明了该法的可靠和可行性.     

基于粒子群优化算法的二阶系统解耦

从数值计算的角度出发研究了二阶系统的解耦问题,通过保持Lancaster结构将二阶系统的解耦问题转化为非线性约束的最优化求解问题.并利用粒子群优化算法求解此约束优化问题,直接给出非奇异的保结构解耦变换.利用Matlab编写程序实现此算法,数值实验结果表明在设定的迭代次数和精度内,此方法确实能实现原始系统的近似解耦.     

A comparison of various algorithms to extract Magic Formula tyre model coefficients for vehicle dynamics simulations

Tyre models are a prerequisite for any vehicle dynamics simulation. Tyre models range from the simplest mathematical models that consider only the cornering stiffness to a complex set of formulae. Among all the steady-state tyre models that are in use today, the Magic Formula tyre model is unique and most popular. Though the Magic Formula tyre model is widely used, obtaining the model coefficients from either the experimental or the simulation data is not straightforward due to its nonlinear nature and the presence of a large number of coefficients. A common procedure used for this extraction is the least-squares minimisation that requires considerable experience for initial guesses. Various researchers have tried different algorithms, namely, gradient and Newton-based methods, differential evolution, artificial neural networks, etc. The issues involved in all these algorithms are setting bounds or constraints, sensitivity of the parameters, the features of the input data such as the number of points, noisy data, experimental procedure used such as slip angle sweep or tyre measurement (TIME) procedure, etc. The extracted Magic Formula coefficients are affected by these variants. This paper highlights the issues that are commonly encountered in obtaining these coefficients with different algorithms, namely, least-squares minimisation using trust region algorithms, Nelder–Mead simplex, pattern search, differential evolution, particle swarm optimisation, cuckoo search, etc. A key observation is that not all the algorithms give the same Magic Formula coefficients for a given data. The nature of the input data and the type of the algorithm decide the set of the Magic Formula tyre model coefficients.     

Identification of nonlinear systems using modified particle swarm optimisation: a hydraulic suspension system

This paper presents a novel modified particle swarm optimisation (MPSO) algorithm to identify nonlinear systems. The case of study is a hydraulic suspension system with a complicated nonlinear model. One of the main goals of system identification is to design a model-based controller such as a nonlinear controller using the feedback linearisation. Once the model is identified, the found parameters may be used to design or tune the controller. We introduce a novel mutation mechanism to enhance the global search ability and increase the convergence speed. The MPSO is used to find the optimum values of parameters by minimising the fitness function. The performance of MPSO is compared with genetic algorithm and alternative particle swarm optimisation algorithms in parameter identification. The presented comparisons confirm the superiority of MPSO algorithm in terms of the convergence speed and the accuracy without the premature convergence problem. Furthermore, MPSO is improved to detect any changes of system parameters, which can be used for designing an adaptive controller. Simulation results show the success of the proposed algorithm in tracking time-varying parameters.     

负离子发生器车内微颗粒净化效率研究

由于汽车的普及,车内的空气质量引发消费者越来越多的关注。糟糕的车内空气质量会增大人们罹患某种特定疾病的概率,因此控制与减少车内空气污染成为汽车生产设计商所追求的目标。微颗粒污染物,即PM2.5是车内空气污染物的重要来源之一。负离子因能有效沉降空气中的微颗粒,成为车内快速去除微颗粒污染的重要手段。在文章中,我们通过在车内进行微颗粒沉降实验,记录微颗粒物浓度在负离子仪以及车内空调内/外循环净化模式下的变化,并通过SPSS与MATLAB对污染物浓度进行数学建模分析。结果表明:单独使用负离子仪器并无法有效降低车内空气的颗粒浓度,而必须配合车内空气循环系统。在负离子作用下,结合车内空气循环系统,微颗粒浓度迅速下降,下降速度与空气交换速度和微颗粒在空气中的迁移速度相关。     

泥水盾构水平直管内石碴起动速度研究

泥水盾构环流系统是将开挖下的石碴从掘进界面输送出来的核心系统,石碴在环流管道内的流动特性是决定石碴能否顺利输送的关键。论文基于计算流体力学和离散单元法建立泥水盾构环流系统水平直管内石碴运动模型,研究石碴形状系数、等容粒径和数量对石碴起动速度的影响。仿真研究结果表明： 在石碴等容粒径相等情况下,不同形状的石碴起动速度大小顺序为： 椭球体>扁平状>近球形;当石碴等容粒径为38.5、42.5、53.3、56.2、58 mm时,石碴起动速度分别为0.48、1.06、1.26、2.36、4.7 m/s,随等容粒径的增大呈指数增大;随数量的增多呈对数增长,多颗粒起动速度随数量的增多增幅较为平缓,最大增幅为21%。     

单通道混合信号粒子滤波盲分离算法的快速实现

粒子滤波可以处理非线性非高斯问题,可以应用于混合信号的盲分离中,是一种有效的盲分离算法。但是粒子滤波算法存在一个很大的缺陷,其复杂度太大,为了减少粒子滤波运算时间、提高运算效率,通过对粒子滤波实现过程中的符号向量进行前置扩维,从而改进了粒子滤波实现方法。仿真结果表明：改进后的算法在运算速度上相比之前有了比较明显的提升。