浅议二灰土施工的质量控制

二灰土底基层是路面的重要结构物之一,已被广泛的应用于路桥施工中。从二灰土的配合比设计、拌和、摊铺碾压等多方面,阐述了表层起皮、弹簧和裂缝方面施工质量控制,探讨了二灰土易出现的质量问题,并提出了具体的质量控制措施。     

高液限土在路堤填筑中的改良应用

综合处理应用高液限土进行公路建设,可以避免过大的增加工程造价及保证路基的强度和稳定性,结合广西等地区在这方面的实践情况,介绍了利用隔离排水、掺粗粒土、土石混填等方法综合改良高液限土进行路基填筑的经验,分析探讨其可行性,为今后相似情况下的设计或施工提供一定的借鉴。     

A link-node complementarity model and solution algorithm for dynamic user equilibria with exact flow propagations

In this paper, we propose a link-node complementarity model for the basic deterministic dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) problem with single-user-class and fixed demands. The model complements link-path formulations that have been widely studied for dynamic user equilibria. Under various dynamic network constraints, especially the exact flow propagation constraints, we show that the continuous-time dynamic user equilibrium problem can be formulated as an infinite dimensional mixed complementarity model. The continuous-time model can be further discretized as a finite dimensional non-linear complementarity problem (NCP). The proposed discrete-time model captures the exact flow propagation constraints that were usually approximated in previous studies. By associating link inflow at the beginning of a time interval to travel times at the end of the interval, the resulting discrete-time model is predictive rather than reactive. The solution existence and compactness condition for the proposed model is established under mild assumptions. The model is solved by an iterative algorithm with a relaxed NCP solved at each iteration. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed model and solution approach. We particularly show why predictive DUE is preferable to reactive DUE from an algorithmic perspective.     

Improvement of the second order approximation of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), as a fully Lagrangian particle method, has been successfully applied to astrophysical problems and extended to elastic dynamics and computational fluid dynamics.High order derivatives have to be approximated when elastic dynamics problems are modeled. However, the approximation errors in SPH could lead to computational failure in the case that the order of derivative is high.A novel method was proposed in order to improve the accuracy of SPH method, which shows the relationship between the selected functions and their SPH approximations. The entire involved system was represented by a finite number of particles that carry individual mass and occupy individual space, and the integral interpolation was approximated by a summation interpolation. In addition, error comparison was made between SPH method with and without the present improvement.     

方格路网车辆路径在线选择模型及竞争分析

为分析城市方格路网遭遇突发性堵塞下的车辆路径选择问题,应用在线问题与竞争策略的方法建模,设计了2种在线路径选择竞争策略,即方向贪婪策略和多选择移动策略,计算了2种策略的竞争性能比。通过策略竞争分析得出:在发生突发性堵塞的情形下,方向贪婪策略下的费用为最优费用的3倍;利用多选择移动策略在对网络具有实际意义约束条件下的部分情形能够得到最优费用,且在最坏情形下的费用为最优费用的2倍;2种策略的竞争性能比优于以往研究给出的堵塞不可恢复问题竞争比的下界。     

航班延误恢复调度的混合粒子群算法

为了优化航班延误恢复调度,考虑了航班延误的经济效益、社会影响和经济损失构成,定义了航线影响因子,构建了一种新的航班延误恢复调度模型,将局部搜索方法引入到粒子群算法中,提出了求解航班延误恢复调度问题的混合粒子群算法。计算结果表明:与先来先服务调度方法相比,混合粒子群算法可以减少航班延误损失4.2%,与基本粒子群算法和进化策略算法相比,混合粒子群算法平均可减少航班延误损失2.0%,随着航班延误恢复规模的增大,算法优势会更明显。     

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Frank-Wolfe(FW)算法是一类广泛应用于求解交通分配问题的算法。它具有容易编程实现,所需内存少的特点。但是该算法收敛速度较慢,不能得到路径信息。为了提高算法的效率,本文研究三种流量更新策略(all-at-once, one-origin-at-a-time, one-OD-at-a-time)以及不同的步长搜索策略下的FW算法,其中步长搜索策略包括精确线性搜索方法(包括二分法、黄金分割法、成功失败法)和不精确的线性搜索方法(包括基于Wolfe-Powell收敛准则的搜索方法和Gao等提出的非单调线性搜索方法)。最后,本文将上述策略应用于四种不同规模的交通网络中,并给出较适合求解的组合。     

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停机位的合理指派是机场地面作业中的一项核心任务,对减少枢纽机场航班中转时间起着重要作用,但是停机位指派问题是NP难问题,模型和算法都比较复杂。建立了以旅客满意度为优化目标的数学模型,并设计了一种贪婪模拟退火算法（GSAA）,以求解枢纽机场的停机位指派问题。该算法首先根据贪婪算法FCFS准则使“丢失”的航班数最少得到模拟退火算法的初始解,然后运用经典模拟退火算法求解出最优指派结果。数值仿真证明了模型和算法的有效性。     

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针对具有模糊因数的多目标交通问题,提出了一种优先模糊目标规划方法。本文首先建立了模糊目标的隶属度函数,其次,将隶属度函数的最高度作为期望水平并引入了偏差变量,从而将隶属度函数转化为隶属度目标。通过最小化负偏差变量得到最满意解。对模糊目标不同优先级结构下的解进行了敏感性分析,并用欧氏距离函数确定了最佳的目标优先级结构,通过最小化后悔值达到决策区域理想点决策值,得到决策单元最满意解。最后,应用实例对本文方法进行分析验证。     

最小二乘支持向量机-粒子群算法在地下厂房围岩参数反分析中的应用

为准确确定地下厂房围岩的弹性模量、泊松比、黏聚力、内摩擦角、侧压力系数等参数,以正交设计、最小二乘支持向量机和粒子群算法等现代数学方法为基本手段,建立基于位移增量的围岩参数反分析方法。以CCS水电站大型地下厂房为研究背景,通过工程地质条件研究选取8#机组剖面作为分析对象,采用二维弹塑性有限元方法建立地质结构分析模型。以地下厂房洞室群分层开挖多点位移计实测位移增量为依据,对CCS水电站地下厂房区域围岩力学特性及地应力场特征进行反分析。研究结果表明： 主厂房第Ⅵ层与第Ⅰ层开挖和主变室第4层与第1层开挖所产生的位移增量计算值与多点位移计实测值吻合较好,最大相对误差小于10%,说明采用最小二乘支持向量机和粒子群算法相结合的反分析方法在工程上是可行的,且效果较为显著。