跨座式单轨车二系减振器关键参数研究

跨座式单轨车因其特殊的结构形式,采用在转向架和车体中心销座之间安装有一定角度的液压减振器来同时提供横向和垂向阻尼,因而减振器的安装角度和阻尼大小将同时影响车辆的平稳性。通过仿真计算分析了减振器的安装角度和阻尼这两个关键参数对车辆平稳性的影响,合理选取了具有较佳动力学性能的减振器参数。     

高速列车运用检修及动车段的设计研究

论述了高速列车在运用检修中的若干个基本问题。阐明了高速列车具有全新的运用检修模式；提出了高速列车的运行方式，乘务制度检修制度工艺流程，以及高速动车组配属数量，检修工作量，检修库线，库车线的设计计算方法与计算公式，给了了高速动力段主检修库厂房结构的推荐方案。     

Floating Car Data Based Nonparametric Regression Model for Short-Term Travel Speed Prediction

A K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) based nonparametric regression model was proposed to predict travel speed for Beijing expressway. By using the historical traffic data collected from the detectors in Beijing expressways, a specically designed database was developed via the processes including data filtering, wavelet analysis and clustering. The relativity based weighted Euclidean distance was used as the distance metric to identify the K groups of nearest data series. Then, a K-NN nonparametric regression model was built to predict the average travel speeds up to 6 min into the future. Several randomly selected travel speed data series, collected from the floating car data (FCD) system, were used to validate the model. The results indicate that using the FCD, the model can predict average travel speeds with an accuracy of above 90%, and hence is feasible and effective.     

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阐明了我国铁路修建客运专线，实行客、货分线运输的必要性和可行性。从路网建设规划出发，研究了面向和谐社会的铁路客运专线发展战略，提出了客运专线建设的新设计思路和运营管理方法，包括树立前瞻性的线路设计理念、采用“小业主、大咨询”的建设管理模式、多渠道投融资模式、开展关键技术研究、提高自主创新能力、探索新的运营模式、提高服务质量等战略措施。     

高速铁路客运站咽喉作业时间的可视化计算

为研究高速铁路客运站咽喉作业占用时间及占用过程，将有关参数的理论计算同相应的过程直接结合起来，与之同步，动态进行，并图形化显示。     

External costs of electric vehicles

Electric vehicles (EV) are often considered a promising technology to decrease external costs of road transport. Therefore, main external cost components are estimated for EV and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV). These include costs of accidents, air pollution, climate change, noise, and congestion. All components are estimated over the product lifetime and, where appropriate, differentiated according to fuel type, vehicle size as well as emission location and time. The advantage of this differentiation is, however, compensated by high uncertainties of most cost estimates. Overall, the external costs of EV and ICEV do not differ significantly. Only for climate change, local air pollutants in congested inner-cities, and noise some advantageous effects can be observed for EV. The advantages depend strongly on the national electricity power plant portfolio and potentially also on the charging strategy. Controlled charging might allow for higher emission reductions than uncontrolled charging of EV.     

Estimation of nitrogen oxides emissions from petrol and diesel passenger cars by means of on-board monitoring: Effect of vehicle speed,vehicle technology,engine type on emission rates

NO_X emission rates of 13 petrol and 3 diesel passenger cars as a function of average speed from 10 to 120 km/h, emission class (pre-Euro 1 – Euro 5), engine type were investigated by on-board monitoring on roads and highways of St. Petersburg using a portative Testo XXL 300 gas analyzer. The highest level of NO_X emission 0.5–2.5 g/km was inherent to old pre-Euro 1 petrol cars without a catalytic converter. NO_X emissions rates of Euro 1 and Euro 2 petrol cars changed within 0.15–0.9 g/km, Euro 3 – 0.015–0.27 g/km, Euro 4 – 0.013–0.1 g/km, Euro 5 – 0.002–0.043 g/km. Euro 3 – Euro 4 petrol cars generally satisfied corresponding NO_X Emission Standards (ES), except cold-start period, Euro 5 petrol cars did not exceed ES. Warmed, stabilized engines of Euro 3 – Euro 5 petrol cars showed 5–10 times lower NO_X emission rates than corresponding ES in the range of speed from 20 to 90 km/h. NO_X emission rates of diesel Euro 3 and Euro 4 cars varied from 0.45 to 1.1 g/km and from 0.31 to 1.1 g/km, respectively. Two examined diesel Euro 3 and one Euro 4 passenger vehicles did not satisfy NO_X ES at real use. Euro 3 diesel cars showed 28.9 times higher NO_X emissions than Euro 3 petrol cars and Euro 4 diesel car demonstrated 17.6 times higher NO_X emissions than Euro 4 petrol cars at warmed and stabilized engine at a cruise speed ranging from 30 to 60 km/h.     

Structure and dynamics of non-suburban passenger travel demand in Indian railways

In this paper we derive long run structural relationships for all the three classes, viz. upper, second and ordinary second class, of non-suburban long distance passenger transport demand for Indian railways using annual time series data for 1970–1995. We employ some of the recent developments in multivariate dynamic econometric time series modeling including estimation of long-run structural cointegrating relationships, short-run dynamics and measurement of the effects of shocks and their persistence on evolution of the dynamic passenger transport demand system. The models are estimated using a cointegrating vector autoregressive (VAR) modeling framework, which allows for endogeneity of regressors. The demand systems are found to be stable for all the classes in the long run and they converge to equilibrium in a period of around 2–4 years after a typical system-wide shock. Any disequilibrium in the short-run is corrected in the long-run with adjustments in passenger transport demand and the price variable, i.e. real rate charged per passenger kilometer. Results show that travel demand in all classes would rise with income, although the rise is less than proportionate in the case of ordinary class. High price elasticity in long-run and short-run impulse responses indicate that passenger fare hike could lead to substantial decline in travel demand leading to decline in revenue earnings of the railways. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于PIV的客滚船风阻流场研究

为准确分析客滚船在不同风向角下的流场分布,基于PIV技术研究了某型客滚船在25m/s风速下,5个不同风向角的风阻变化和流场分布;利用PIV技术得出某型客滚船纵向、横向以及水平方向的空气流场特性。结果表明:随着风向角的增加,纵向风轴阻力和横向侧向力呈"抛物线"规律变化,偏航力矩呈"正弦曲线"分布,并存在两个方向相反的阻力峰。利用PIV流场分布图与常规测力试验的风阻曲线对客滚船风阻流场进行分析研究,所得结果可为以后的CFD计算验证以及后期风阻优化提供参考依据。     

京津城际客运专线速度目标值的选择

对京津城际客运专线的速度目标值进行研究,提出了线下250km/h,线上250km/h,及线下350km/h,线上分别为300、250、200km/h四种速度目标值方案,通过线路走向、社会经济效益及投资、客运专线及高速铁路发展趋势等方面的方案比选研究,指出线下350km/h、线上300km/h为最佳速度目标值方案。