汽车碰撞预判系统关键技术分析

介绍了碰撞预判技术及其通用的系统设计方案,着重从该系统所用雷达系统的研发、新式被动安全装置的优化与应用以及系统集成3个方面详细分析了其中的关键技术,并指出了当前发展碰撞预判系统的时机与光明前景.     

喷射航行体辐射噪声机理分析

喷射航行体具有很高的速度,其辐射噪声主要含结构振动噪声和气泡脉动噪声。实测信号分析表明,低频分量基本无多普勒效应,以气泡脉动噪声为主;高频分量的空间位移速度大,以推进器壳体振动噪声为主。两类噪声对信号处理产生不同影响,表现在目标深度测量时效果各异,以气泡噪声的平滑效果为佳。     

Stability and performance analysis of a full-train system with inerters

This paper discusses the use of inerters to improve the stability and performance of a full-train system. First, we construct a 28 degree-of-freedom train model in AutoSim, and obtain a linearised model for analysis in Matlab. Then, the benefits of inerters are investigated by the critical speed, settling time and passenger comfort. In addition, we apply a new mechatronic network for further performance improvement, and synthesise the optimal electrical circuit for experimental verification. From the results, inerters are shown to be effective in improving the stability and performance of train systems.     

Real-time estimation of road–tyre adherence for motorcycles

Improving braking skills of a rider supported by a real-time training device embedded in the motorcycle represents a possible strategy to deal with safety issues associated with the use of powered two wheelers. A challenging aspect of the braking trainer system is the evaluation of the adherence between tyre and road surface on each wheel. This paper presents a possible method to evaluate the current and maximum adherence during a braking manoeuvre. The proposed approach was positively validated through multi-body simulations and experimental data acquired in naturalistic riding conditions.     

Motorcycle suspension design using matrix inequalities and passivity constraints

This paper presents a design methodology for the suspension system of a novel aerodynamically efficient motorcycle. Since the machine’s layout and the rider’s seating position are unconventional, several aspects of the machine design, including the suspension, must be reviewed afresh. The design process is based on matrix inequalities that are used to optimise a road-grip objective function – others could be used equally well. The design problem is cast as the minimisation of an H ₂ cost with passivity constraints imposed on the suspension transference. The resulting bilinear matrix inequality problem is solved using a locally optimal iterative algorithm. The matrix inequality-type characterisation of positive real functions permits the optimisation of the suspension system over an entire class of passive admittances. Torsional springs, dampers and inerters are then used to construct networks corresponding to the optimal (positive real) admittances. Networks of first, second, third and fourth orders are considered, and an argument based on the compromise between complexity and improved grip is made for the most suitable suspension configuration. Finally, the effects of improved road grip on the stability of the vehicle’s lateral dynamics are analysed.     

��Դ˫��/�ಷ����ϵ�������

“北斗一号”系统采用有源定位方式,导致系统存在不足,如用户数目存在上限等。若系统采用无源定位方式,则又存在观测量不足的问题。文章介绍了一种无源组合导航技术 无源双星/多卜勒组合导航技术,对无源双星/多卜勒组合导航定位原理进行方案分析和设计,并对其进行了仿真试验,仿真结果显示该技术可减小多卜勒导航定位误差、提高导航精度,并实现北斗无源定位。最后分析了此方案的可行性并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

主被动状态间墙体侧向位移与土压力关系

为了研究从静止到主动状态或从静止到被动状态下墙体侧向位移与墙背土压力大小的关系,以应力Mohr圆为出发点,通过引入内摩擦发挥角,推导了主动与被动状态间土压力与内摩擦发挥角的统一表达式。根据所构建的墙体位移与土体剪应变几何方程以及等极限应变下的剪应变-剪应力理想非线弹塑性物理模型,建立了能基本反映土体应力-应变特性和墙后填土初始应力状态的墙体位移-土压力统一函数关系式,并结合Coulomb土压力模型近似考虑了墙背与填土间摩擦力的影响。研究结果表明：影响墙体位移-土压力关系的核心要素是墙背初始应力状态、墙后滑移区范围及填土应力-应变特性;初始侧压力系数的增加,直接导致进入主动与被动状态所需墙体位移出现相应的增大和减小,墙体位移-土压力曲线沿水平轴呈现出整体平移的变化;土体内摩擦角和墙土摩擦角的改变会引起滑移区范围的变化,从而使墙体位移-土压力曲线整体放大或缩小;填土应力-应变特性是墙体位移-土压力关系的微观本质,其模量比与极限剪应变对墙体位移-土压力曲线的平缓程度及极限状态下的墙体位移大小影响显著。     

斜拉索涡激振动的被动自吸吹气流动控制

圆形斜拉索长细比大、阻尼及刚度小,因而其经常发生风致振动,尤其是涡激振动。涡激振动是一种限幅振动,其发生风速较低,因而斜拉索经常发生涡激振动现象,为此提出一种被动自吸吹气流动控制措施来抑制斜拉索涡激振动。通过节段模型气弹试验得到,被动吸吹气控制方法在套环间距适当下使得斜拉索涡激振动区间变窄,甚至可以完全抑制其发生涡激振动。通过分析斜拉索节段模型表面压力分布,得到被动自吸吹气能大幅度降低压力脉动值和脉动风荷载;且模型背风面的平均压力值的平台区也有所提升,表明平均阻力也有所减小。频谱分析表明：此控制方法改变了旋涡脱落模式及脱落强度。最后由尾流速度剖面可得,被动吸吹气流动控制方法缩小了模型尾流区宽度,尾流中的速度脉动也极大降低。折算风速为5.99时,对尾流速度时程做频谱分析可得,吸吹气控制方法能抑制住无控圆柱模型尾流中周期性交替脱落的旋涡。套环控制方法应用于三维柔性索性索模型上,能极大地降低柔性斜拉索的前三阶涡激振动幅值,同时发现套环间距越小,控制效果越强。     

被动桩柱式桥墩的病害分析及加固改造

该文以某桥梁一个墩位出现的被动横向位移的病害为例,针对桩柱式桥墩在运营过程中出现横向被动推力产生的病害,提出一种简单的的分析方法,并根据其分析结果提出加固改造方案。