船舶管路三维布局优化的变长度编码遗传算法

基于遗传算法提出一种适合船舶管路布局特点的变长度编码技术和相应的遗传算子。该编码方式和遗传算子具有下述的设计特点:保证染色体中的基因相互关联,避免在遗传操作中非法个体的产生;采用有方向指导的随机方式生成初始路径和子路径;根据约束条件划分布局空间;可在三维空间下对船舶管路优化布局进行研究。经仿真试验证明该方法可行、有效,优化结果令人满意。     

集装箱公铁联运的费用加权最短路计算机算法

结合公铁联运过程中承运、中转和交付的3个环节,借鉴Dijkstra标号算法思路,提出一种多阶段定向搜索的标号算法解决集装箱公铁联运费用最短路问题。该算法考虑路网中铁路线路和公路线路的区别,引入了集装箱办理站选择集的概念,并考虑集装箱办理站的中转费用。给出若干计算实例,编程计算的结果证明该算法具有实际意义和高可靠性。     

船载多目标水声跟踪系统的实时阵列信号处理

本文介绍一种船载多目标水声跟踪系统，它以多片ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ２５ＤＳＰ为核心采用并行处理技术，以达到对下快速目标实时准确定位的目的。     

高速公路建设项目跟踪审计工作中应把握的重点分析

结合某高速公路跟踪审计实践，提出跟踪审计质量保证措施和风险防范对策，指出跟踪审计实施过程中应处理好的几个关系，强调跟踪审计机制在高速公路建设项目中的作用及应用效果。     

基于大地坐标的多舰协同超视距目标指示研究

针对超视距目标指示问题,建立了基于大地坐标的目标运动方程和观测方程,并将UKF滤波方法运用于目标的跟踪.由多艘舰艇组成一个协同的目标指示系统,并将一种新的分布式融合算法运用于该系统,提高了目标的跟踪精度.仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

全球气象和船舶跟踪系统

介绍全球气象和船舶跟踪系统（ＧＭＳＴＳ）构成的方案及原理，阐述系统的主要功能、技术特点及适用范围，还探讨系统的其他若干技术问题。     

基于粒子滤波的跟踪算法研究

在非线性条件下,扩展Kalman 滤波（ EKF）的应用最为广泛。但是,由于它采用了Taylor展开的线性变换来近似非线性模型,因而存在计算量大、实时性差、估计精度低等缺点。粒子滤波（ PF）用一些带有权值的随机样本（粒子）来表示所需要的后验概率密度,并通过这些粒子的加权来估计目标运动的状态,从而得到基于物理模型的近似最优数值解,具有精度高、收敛速度快等特点。通过仿真实验将PF与EKF的性能进行了对比,并且研究了噪声协方差与粒子数对PF的影响。 PF与EKF的对比实验结果表明,在强非线性条件下,PF比EKF跟踪精度更高,误差更低。     

Common underlying steering curves for motorcycles in steady turns

We study the steady turn behaviours of some light motorcycle models on circular paths, using the commercial software package ADAMS-Motorcycle. Steering torque and steering angle are obtained for several path radii and a range of steady forward speeds. For path radii much greater than motorcycle wheelbase, and for all motorcycle parameters including tyre parameters held fixed, dimensional analysis can predict the asymptotic behaviour of steering torque and angle. In particular, steering torque is a function purely of lateral acceleration plus another such function divided by path radius. Of these, the first function is numerically determined, while the second is approximated by an analytically determined constant. Similarly, the steering angle is a function purely of lateral acceleration, plus another such function divided by path radius. Of these, the first is determined numerically while the second is determined analytically. Both predictions are verified through ADAMS simulations for various tyre and geometric parameters. In summary, steady circular motions of a given motorcycle with given tyre parameters can be approximately characterised by just one curve for steering torque and one for steering angle.     

Model predictive control with constraints for a nonlinear adaptive cruise control vehicle model in transition manoeuvres

A vehicle following control law, based on the model predictive control method, to perform transition manoeuvres (TMs) for a nonlinear adaptive cruise control (ACC) vehicle is presented in this paper. The TM controller ultimately establishes a steady-state following distance behind a preceding vehicle to avoid collision, keeping account of acceleration limits, safe distance, and state constraints. The vehicle dynamics model is for continuous-time domain and captures the real dynamics of the sub-vehicle models for steady-state and transient operations. The ACC vehicle can execute the TM successfully and achieves a steady-state in the presence of complex dynamics within the constraint boundaries.     

Design of a feedback-feedforward steering controller for accurate path tracking and stability at the limits of handling

This paper presents a feedback-feedforward steering controller that simultaneously maintains vehicle stability at the limits of handling while minimising lateral path tracking deviation. The design begins by considering the performance of a baseline controller with a lookahead feedback scheme and a feedforward algorithm based on a nonlinear vehicle handling diagram. While this initial design exhibits desirable stability properties at the limits of handling, the steady-state path deviation increases significantly at highway speeds. Results from both linear and nonlinear analyses indicate that lateral path tracking deviations are minimised when vehicle sideslip is held tangent to the desired path at all times. Analytical results show that directly incorporating this sideslip tangency condition into the steering feedback dramatically improves lateral path tracking, but at the expense of poor closed-loop stability margins. However, incorporating the desired sideslip behaviour into the feedforward loop creates a robust steering controller capable of accurate path tracking and oversteer correction at the physical limits of tyre friction. Experimental data collected from an Audi TTS test vehicle driving at the handling limits on a full length race circuit demonstrates the improved performance of the final controller design.