老路改造工程中关键技术指标取值的探讨

老路改造工程往往受限于道路现状条件,设计指标不能完全满足相应的道路设计规范要求,若强而为之则大大增加了工程改造成本,因此老路改造中的一些设计指标宜依据老路运行的实际需求,因地制宜,在满足需求且保证运行安全的基础上可适当调整某些设计指标的取值,达到改造工程的双赢。该文以成都市人民南路为列,依据道路的实际现状,对老路改造中的设计车速、车道宽度、通行净空等关键性指标的取值进行探讨。     

广州北二环高速公路提高限速探讨

高速公路限速的分析与探讨是最近比较热门的话题。结合广州北二环高速公路工作实践对提高高速公路限速问题进行探讨,介绍了提高限速的目的、工作内容和方法,提出了需注意的问题和提高限制速度的措施。     

气泡高速艇波浪中阻力及纵向运动模型试验研究

在高速拖曳水池里,开展了气泡高速艇规则波中阻力及纵向运动模型试验,研究了气流量、艇型、艇底开槽等因素对气层减阻率及艇体纵向运动性能的影响。结果表明:艇底形式对波浪中的气层减阻率有重要影响。艇底设置断阶时,在短波中减阻率为5%,长波中的减阻率达20.5%;艇底开槽时,在试验波长范围内,减阻率可达30%左右;对本身具有良好喷溅抑制作用的艇型,艇底直接喷气减阻率为8%,且不受波长变化的影响。艇底气层对纵向运动性能影响较小,长波中还略有改善;艇底槽深主要影响不喷气时的阻力,对饱和喷气下的阻力影响甚微。     

长益常城际铁路速度目标值的选择

速度目标值是城际铁路设计时的核心指标,在选取时主要以适应客流需求、与区域其他交通运输方式相协调、与沿线社会经济发展相适应为原则,体现有利于吸引客流、减少工程投资和运营成本的效益最大化原则。速度目标值的选择主要通过本线客流特点、时间目标值的选择和具体多个速度目标值的比选得出。文中以长沙—益阳—常德速度目标值的选择为例,阐述铁路设计中客运专线速度目标值的选择方式和方法。     

高速船螺旋桨无键联接液压装配技术分析

在高速船螺旋桨无键联接液压装配尚无相关标准的情况下,基于大型船舶的安装标准和工艺,通过分析高速船螺旋桨无键联接液压装配技术理论,结合船舶安装实例,总结出适合于高速船螺旋桨无键联接液压装配的经验参数。     

一种浮标自由上浮模型试验换算方法

对浮标自由上浮模型试验过程中的受力进行分析,提出一种预报浮标实尺在水下自由上浮过程中最大稳定速度的方法,预报结果与CFD模拟的结果相近.     

船用柴油机组调速系统仿真研究

模拟电力系统的模拟研究中,柴油机及其调速系统直接影响系统机电暂态过程的准确性,对于判别系统受到大扰动后的暂态稳定和受到小扰动后的静态稳定性具有重要意义。从电站柴油发电机组的运动方程出发,在柴油机及其调速器数学模型的基础上,利用数字仿真计算机实时计算模拟转矩指令,用以控制一套高性能交流调速系统,从而实现电站柴油发电机组中柴油机及其调速器与系统转动惯量的数模混合模拟。实验表明,该模拟系统通用性强,响应速度快,准确性较高。     

船舶推进轴系纵振计算方法及影响因素分析

根据船舶推进轴系纵向振动的运动微分方程,推导了组成推进轴系的刚性均质圆盘、推力轴承以及轴段单元的传递矩阵,给出了利用传递矩阵求解推进轴系纵向振动固有频率和固有振型的方法.为进一步分析推进轴系正常运行时各轴段的纵向振幅和交变轴向力,对刚性均质圆盘、推力轴承以及轴段单元的传递矩阵进行了扩展,进而给出了基于扩展传递矩阵的推进...     

螺旋桨切割直径法在高速艇中的应用

针对某高速艇在试航过程中出现的船舶主机负荷过重及转速达不到要求的问题,分析其原因,并对螺旋桨切割直径法的两种理论计算方法和一种经验公式估算法的应用进行探讨。切割直径计算方法以实测轴功率为计算依据,采用检查图谱确定切割量,同时采用经验公式确定切割量并进行比较。通过对切割螺旋桨后的实船试验结果与理论计算和经验公式估算的对比,得出对于高速艇螺旋桨切割量的计算,采用检查图谱理论计算的准确程度要比经验公式估算法高。     

Bus congestion, optimal infrastructure investment and the choice of a fare collection system in dedicated bus corridors

Microeconomic optimisation of scheduled public transport operations has traditionally focused on finding optimal values for the frequency of service, capacity of vehicles, number of lines and distance between stops. In addition, however, there exist other elements in the system that present a trade-off between the interests of users and operators that have not received attention in the literature, such as the optimal selection of a fare payment system and a designed running speed (i.e., the cruising speed that buses maintain in between two consecutive stops). Alternative fare payment methods (e.g., on-board and off-board, payment by cash, magnetic strip or smart card) have different boarding times and capital costs, with the more efficient systems such as a contactless smart card imposing higher amounts of capital investment. Based on empirical data from several Bus Rapid Transit systems around the world, we also find that there is a positive relationship between infrastructure cost per kilometre and commercial speed (including stops), achieved by the buses, which we further postulate as a linear relationship between infrastructure investment and running speed. Given this context, we develop a microeconomic model for the operation of a bus corridor that minimises total cost (users and operator) and has five decision variables: frequency, capacity of vehicles, station spacing, fare payment system and running speed, thus extending the traditional framework. Congestion, induced by bus frequency, plays an important role in the design of the system, as queues develop behind high demand bus stops when the frequency is high. We show that (i) an off-board fare payment system is the most cost effective in the majority of circumstances; (ii) bus congestion results in decreased frequency while fare and bus capacity increase, and (iii) the optimal running speed grows with the logarithm of demand.