二维扁卵形体近壁面水动力干扰实验

对长度-厚度比为7.0的二维扁卵形体近平壁面运动的水动力特性进行了研究.拖曳水池试验选择了六种不同的壁面间距,五个攻角状态,将卵形体模型安装在U形槽中,保证流场的二维特性.Reynolds数范围从5×105到2×106.根据无界流实验结果,在数据处理中消除测力天平的安装角误差.给出了水动力系数相对于间距、攻角的回归公式,并划分了三个典型的干扰区域:升力区、混合区、阻塞区.实验表明:即使对于钝尾物体,也存在类似机翼的升力效应,无界流中扁卵形体的升力线斜率小于二维平板机翼的相应值.当物体离壁面较远时,水动力系数随攻角线性变化,壁面影响随间距减小而增大;当物体离壁面很近时,出现排斥现象,水动力系数随攻角的变化呈非线性特征.与其它参数相比,在大部分试验状态下,运动速度对水动力系数的影响较小.     

铁路简支梁桥减隔震支座设计参数的优化研究

运用结构最优化理论建立了考虑地震时车辆运行安全性的铁路简支梁桥减隔震体系优化设计模型,采用ANSYS中的一阶优化方法,在优化过程中考虑结构Rayleigh阻尼系数的变化对减隔震体系的影响及土和基础的相互作用,实现了对铅芯橡胶支座动力设计参数的优化设计.通过计算分析,得出了铅芯橡胶支座动力参数对桥梁地震响应的影响规律：在应用LRB对不同场地条件下的铁路简支梁桥进行减隔震设计时,屈服后刚度与屈服前刚度比α对结构地震响应有重要影响.因此,可以采用改变屈服后刚度与屈服前刚度比α的简化设计方法,满足桥梁地震响应的要求.为了提高系统的优化效率,在进行减隔震支座优化时,行车安全性的约束可以在优化过程外考虑,即在支座参数优化解确定后,再进行车辆地震输入谱密度强度SI值的验算.     

考虑矿物各向异性的地聚物/集料界面静动态交互特征模拟

地聚物作为一种低碳环保、应用潜力广阔的无机结合料，其与不同表面构造集料的界面交互作用直接影响地聚物混凝土的力学性能和耐久性。充分考虑集料矿物晶向的各向异性，采用分子动力学模拟(Molecular Dynamics， MD)从原子分子层次的作用模式和强度分析，模拟了地聚物主要水化成分N-A-S-H、C-A-S-H和集料矿物化学成分SiO₂、CaCO₃不同晶面的静态界面相互作用，并采用单轴拉伸方法从纳米尺度下讨论了不同界面交互的动态力学行为。模拟结果表明：CaCO₃各晶面表现出比SiO₂更强的表面能和表面浸润性，并与C-A-S-H、N-A-S-H的界面相互作用势和拉伸应力更强，但CaCO₃晶面各向异性明显，性能稳定性不及SiO₂。地聚物与集料矿物的相互作用势主要由静电势提供，由于矿物界面静电作用及浸润特征，交互区水分子聚集，氢键作用明显，同时水分子与Ca²⁺、Na⁺进行配位形成水合离子，有助于离子在矿物表面迁移、沉淀与成核生长，增强界面空间位阻效应。在单轴拉伸模拟中，地聚物与集料矿物界面拉伸失效机制包括2个阶段：第1阶段(0 nm＜界面位移d＜0.15 nm)主要克服界面交互的静电作用，第2阶段(0.15 nm≤d≤0.3 nm)主要克服氢键作用。MD模拟有助于从分子尺度揭示地聚物与集料界面作用机制，为进一步研究地聚物混凝土材料优化、交互界面强化及损伤等提供了新方法和理论依据。     

Strategic considerations behind the network–regional airline tie ups – A theoretical and empirical study

The paper examines the strategic vertical relationship between network and regional airlines. We develop a model to illustrate how network airlines can use the contractual relationship with regional airlines as an efficient tool to simultaneously drive out inefficient network airlines and also accommodate other cost efficient network airlines in any specific market. The model is tested on U.S. data using simultaneous and sequential choice models. We find that market size, cost differences between network airlines, as well as cost differences between network and regional airlines, are the chief determinants of the network airlines’ decisions on whether or not to serve a market with their own fleet, as well as how many regional airlines to contract with.     

Environmental lumping for efficient fatigue assessment of large-diameter monopile wind turbines

Fatigue damage is one of the governing factors for the design of offshore wind turbines. However, the full fatigue assessment is a time-consuming task. During the design process, the site-specific environmental parameters are usually condensed by a lumping process to reduce the computational effort. Preservation of fatigue damage during lumping requires an accurate consideration of the met-ocean climate and the dynamic response of the structure. Two lumping methods (time-domain and frequency-domain) have been evaluated for a monopile-based 10 MW offshore wind turbine, both based on damage-equivalent contour lines. Fatigue damage from lumped load cases was compared to full long-term fatigue assessment. The lumping methods had an accuracy of 94–98% for the total long-term fatigue damage and 90% for individual wind speed classes, for aligned wind and waves. Fatigue damage was preserved with the same accuracy levels for the whole support structure. A significant reduction of computational time (93%) was achieved compared to a full long-term fatigue assessment. For the cases with 30° and 60° wind-wave misalignment, there was a mean underestimation of approximately 10%. Variations in penetration depth did not affect the selection of the lumped sea-state parameters. This work presents a straightforward method for the selection of damage-equivalent lumped load cases, which can adequately preserve long-term fatigue damage throughout the support structure, providing considerable reduction of computational effort.     

Riser-soil interaction model effects on the dynamic behavior of a steel catenary riser

A mathematical model employed to analyze the global dynamics of a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) taking into account the interaction with the seafloor and the effect of the soil reaction forces is established. The choice of soil model plays an important role for the dynamic behavior of SCRs. The riser has been modeled using flexible beam with large curvature and elastic foundation beam to describe the riser-soil interaction by means of realistic nonlinear load-deflection (P–y) curves. The study is made to improve an existing finite element numerical code for dynamic analysis of mooring lines and risers, known as CABLE 3D, which is based on a slender rod assumption. Effects of nonlinear seabed model on the dynamic behavior of SCRs under vessel cyclic perturbation have further been investigated and discussed using a realistic P–y curve to simulate soil deformation and resistance forces. The interaction model depends on several factors, such as soil strength, penetration depth and riser characteristics. The dynamic responses of the riser Touchdown Point (TDP) excited by vessel periodic heave motion are studied and the results are compared with those from the linear spring model. SCR has been perturbed by 10 regular sinusoidal cycles and the responses calculated by improved code show a number of features such as suction force mobilization, gradual increasing penetration depth, and gradual reduction of soil resistance at maximum penetration. The riser behavior at the touchdown zone (TDZ) depends on the riser top motion amplitude, nonlinear soil stiffness and suction force. The impact of the riser-soil interaction model on the dynamic behavior in the TDZ has been thoroughly studied in this paper.     

水手工艺课程部分项目互动教学探索与实践

介绍了互动教学模式的特点,探讨了互动教学的实施方法,指出互动教学有利于全面推进素质教育改革,培养高素质的专业人才.     

机车—桁架桥梁耦合振动研究

建立了轮对和钢轨之间弹性联接３３个自由度的机车车辆动力学模型，采用有限元法分析计算了列车荷载作用下某铁路双线钢桁桥的动力响应。采用空间梁单元建立了桁架桥的振动方程。根据随机振动理论计算了当列车过桥时，车－桥耦合振动系统的空间动力响应，并与实测结果进行了比较，比较表明，采用弹性联接横型比密贴模型的计算结果更接近于实测值。     

基于神经网络的内燃机油清净剂复配性研究

清净剂间的交互作用是很复杂的,两种或多种清净剂间复配性难以用数学模型进行描述,应用神经网络处理非线性问题的强大功能,对清净剂复配性试验的结果进行了处理,并在神经网络的强大推广能力的基础上,计算出内燃机油清净剂复配的最佳比.该值与以前的结论极吻合.     

双排桩基悬臂式 挡土墙结构计算方法研究

基于双排桩基悬臂式挡土墙结构与传统支挡结构存在较大的差异性,通过探讨双排桩基悬臂式挡土墙结构的承载机理,提出该结构的简化分析模型以及结构内力与变形的解析计算方法,并通过典型工程的有限元建模计算,验证该计算方法的可行性。研究结果表明:双排桩基悬臂式挡土墙结构可分解为悬臂段、底板与桩基,依次采用悬臂梁模型、简支梁模型与弹性地基梁模型进行设计计算;悬臂段承受填筑体水平土压力荷载;底板承受悬臂段传递的重力、水平力与弯矩,以及上部填筑体的竖向均布土压力荷载;桩基承受荷段受水平土压力,锚固段承受由变形引起的弹性抗力;悬臂段底部、底板纵向跨中断面、底板与桩基连接处以及桩基顶部与锚固点附近为应力集中断面,设计时应注意截面安全检算;理论计算结果略大于数值计算结果,验证了该计算方法的合理性,为结构优化设计提供了思路。