Formulating cargo inventory costs for liner shipping network design

This study examines how to incorporate the inventory costs of containerized cargoes into existing liner service planning models such that the designed networks could be improved while not causing extra modeling/computational burden. Two approaches are compared: (i) not considering the inventory costs at all and (ii) incorporating the inventory costs associated with onboard time and those related to transshipment by assuming a fixed connection time. The two models are compared with the ideal model capturing the exact inventory costs on a route choice problem and a capacity planning problem based on extensive randomly generated and practical numerical experiments. The results show that: first, ignoring the inventory costs in service planning models may lead to network design with much higher costs (poor network design decisions); second, in service planning models assuming weekly frequency, the inventory costs associated with onboard time could be formulated exactly, and those related to the connection time of weekly services could be approximated by assuming fixed connection time of 3.5 days for ports with 1 day’s minimum connection time and 4.5 days for ports with 2 days’ minimum connection time.     

基于价值函数的城市绿色交通规划评价

为了评价城市绿色交通,建立了城市绿色交通评价体系,包括环保性指标等3个评价项目和道路绿化率等8个评价指标,文章通过案例分析发现,价值函数法适用于城市绿色交通评价。采用专家打分法确定指标权重系数,并对指标进行无量纲化、同趋向化等处理,采用价值函数法计算评价体系得分。     

压气条件下泥膜进气值测量试验研究

在压气条件下,进气是泥膜透气失效的起始点。为测量并研究泥膜在气压下的进气压力值（进气值）,通过自制的试验装置,在不同压气条件下对3种泥膜进行进气值测量试验。试验结果表明： 1)由闭气排水与固结排水的差值可以辨别泥膜是否进气,得到泥膜进气值; 2)采用泥膜特征孔径D90/2代入推导公式可近似计算泥膜进气值; 3)泥膜在不同压气条件下进气值不同,增压速率越低,泥膜进气值越大; 4)在较快和较慢的增压速率下存在进气值变化趋于稳定的现象,最大进气值为最小值的2倍以上。     

交通职业技术学院学生职业价值观问题研究

市场经济所带来的多元化择业观念,使毕业生集体主义观念和社会责任感观念淡化,从而在就业选择上趋向于功利化、自我化。文章针对当前交通职业技术学院学生职业价值观的这一变化,分析学生现实型职业价值观与传统型职业价值观之旬的冲突,提出了交通职业技术学校在职业价值观教育方面应采取的措施。     

价值工程在客车研发中的应用

简要介绍价值工程的原理及价值工程在客车成本控制方面的实际应用。     

油库安全阀的选用参数计算和确定方法

阐述了油库常用安全阀排量、口径、开启压力的计算和确定方法,重点分析了油库和机场特定部位安全阀开启压力和公称通径的计算过程和考虑要素,并说明了安全阀定购和使用中的注意事项.     

The visual impact of development in coastal zone areas

Abstract

The focus of this paper is theoretical, as well as methodological. It reviews previous studies of visual impact and reports research by the author on people's evaluation of the appropriateness of different man‐made facilities in different coastal‐area contexts and other environments. In this study, subjects were asked to react to slides developed through the use of landscape models and experimental facilities to simulate the appearance of a building in the landscape, while systematically varying the visual relatedness between the two. Specific interest centered on the variable of congruity vs. contrast between the appearance of the building and its landscape context, manipulated by co‐varying the attributes of color and size to create a five‐point scale of contrast/obtrusiveness. The hypothesis was that judgments of appropriateness, and to a lesser extent judgments of liking, would vary inversely with level of contrast. The role of two further variables, the functional significance of the building in its setting, and the character of the setting itself, was also investigated. The author reviews methodological issues involved where subjects respond to visual stimuli for purposes of judging change in visual quality. These methodological issues include: stimulus‐selection and problems of simulation, choice of response measures, and choice of respondents, and the treatment of individual differences. The author calls for development of standardized scales and indices such as “perceptually‐relevant environmental quality indicators.”     

试论交通运输行业核心价值体系建设的重要意义与时代内涵

建设交通运输行业核心价值体系具有重大的现实意义.交通运输行业核心价值体系的时代内涵可以概括为“献身交通、服务大众、四海为家、扎根基层、吃苦实干和默默奉献”.建设交通运输行业核心价值体系,是一项复杂的系统工程和长期的战略任务.     

基于结构可靠度的在役桥梁剩余价值分析

在BOT的交通基础设施建设模式下，转交政府相关部门后的基础设施从会计学的角度而言已经摊销完毕，但是从经济学角度而言。这些公共基础项目仍然发挥作用．产生着经济效益。对在役桥梁进行剩余价值分析，对于路政部门加强桥梁维护维修、加固甚至新建等决策管理都有实际意义。基于可靠度理论提出了一种折旧方法并用其进行剩余价值计算，为公共项目建设宏观经济的成本分析提供一种量化的工具。     

安龙铺隧道开挖过程动态数值模拟分析

以沪瑞国道主干线(贵州境)镇宁—胜境关高速公路安龙铺隧道为工程背景,利用有限元分析程序,对中壁CRD开挖法进行了数值模拟,分析研究开挖过程中隧道围岩应力场和位移场的变化。