人的全面发展与高等教育民众人才观的走向

人才观研究在教育理论界往往偏重于观念内容，而忽视了观念主体。本从高等教育人才观的民众主体角度展开分析，就高等教育民众人才观的观念内容作了哲学层次上的探索，藉此对当前两种典型的民众人才观进行了反思，并揭示了高等教育民众人才观的逻辑走向。     

智能驾驶实时目标检测的深度卷积神经网络

为提高深度学习神经网络运行速度,满足智能驾驶对算法实时性的要求,基于一种一体化实时目标检测算法YOLO和一种目标检测网络模型Faster RCNN,提出一种结合两者特点的实时目标检测神经网络。该网络保留区域卷积神经网络(R-CNN)算法的二次检测模式和区域生成神经网络RPN,去掉先验框,采用YOLO直接预测位置。结合Mask R-CNN中的ROI-Align方法进行二次位置修正,减少了Faster R-CNN中ROI-pooling所带来的位置预测偏差。对改进后的网络在KITTI数据集上进行测试,结果表明:改进后的神经网络检测一次仅耗时38 ms,检测的平均精确度高于YOLO和Faster RCNN,且对于不同大小的目标都具有很好的泛化能力。     

海洋环境监测是海洋发展和维权的支撑

海洋维权装备必须适应海洋环境,海洋环境又无休止地影响着海洋装备的功能和性能.要想提高装备技术水平,发挥装备的最大效能,在应用和研制装备的同时,要充分了解海洋环境对装备的诸多影响,要研究海洋环境与装备相关性技术.本文根据海洋维权装备发展顶层设计的需求,从功能上定性地探讨分析海洋环境对雷达探测、水声探测、目标识别、精确制导、信号传输、导航定位等方面的影响,提出海洋维权装备对海洋环境的适应性要求和对海洋环境效应技术的支撑性需求,提出把海洋环境监测要素纳入海战场辅助决策体系.海洋环境监测既是人类认知海洋、开发海洋、防灾救灾、海战场建设的需要,又是海洋发展和维权的支撑和先导,军民共建,军民共享,为发展海洋经济,保护海洋权益而励志奋进!     

基于曲率感知的高速公路隧道弯道路段调控方法研究

为定量分析高速公路隧道弯道路段不同半径条件下,线形诱导标志和反光环对驾驶员曲率感知的影响,基于室内仿真试验,选取20 名驾驶员作为被试,分别测量驾驶员在不同试验场景条件下的弯道错觉程度,并对试验数据展开分析。试验结果表明: 1)采用线形诱导标志的隧道弯道视线诱导方法,驾驶员弯道错觉表现为高估弯道半径,且仅在半径为200~400 m 条件下,具有较好的诱导效果,弯道错觉程度小于7%;同时,驾驶员的弯道错觉程度与隧道弯道半径显著正相关,与线形诱导标志的可见个数显著负相关。2)采用反光环的隧道弯道视线诱导方法,驾驶员的弯道错觉程度仅与反光环的可见个数存在显著负相关,且随着可见反光环布设个数的增多(4~6 个),会导致驾驶员低估半径的错觉程度过大(>-20%),不利于驾驶员安全行车。3)在隧道弯道路段(200~1 800 m),当可见反光环为3 个时,不同半径下的弯道错觉程度均小于布设线形诱导标志的方案(小于5%)。因此,采用在隧道弯道路段布设3 个可见反光环的方法更有利于提高驾驶员的曲率感知能力。     

Toward the betterment of risk allocation: Investigating risk perceptions of Australian stakeholder groups to public-private-partnership tollroad projects

This paper presents a qualitative assessment of the risk perceptions held by key Australian stakeholder groups in the context of tollroads operated under the public-private-partnership model. The findings confirm that experience accumulated in recent years has contributed toward the betterment of risk-sharing optimisation amongst the contracting parties. The knowledge acquired through in-depth interviews supports the common view that equitable risk sharing is the vital ingredient of value for money. The proposition that the private sector is better equipped to manage commercial risks involving economic decision making whilst risks that have embedded unquantifiable social and public values and those in the domain of public governance are best left with government alone, appears to be replete with refutable implications. Public perception is a malleable concept and should be managed by both sectors.     

基于韧性理论的盾构隧道智能建造北大核心CSCD

以盾构隧道为主的城市轨道交通在"十三五"期间已取得了跨越式的进步,盾构掘进设备在智能化方面取得了飞速发展,但隧道结构设计、结构制造和现场管片拼装的智能化方面,仍需要大的创新与突破。面对建设韧性智慧城市的战略目标,盾构隧道还存在系列问题亟需解决,如对于新材料的物性认识浅、理论少;传感的布置缺乏针对性,监测感知差;隧道管片拼装大量依靠人工,误差大。解决这些问题的关键在于构建一个基于韧性理论的智能化盾构隧道建造系统,通过利用材料和结构的韧性特点,结合计算机等信息技术,采用韧性设计、智能感知、智能制造、智能拼装等一系列措施,使得隧道结构中的材料可智能感知、结构可精准监测、数据可实时孪生、信息可高效管理、制造可自动操控、过程可全域感知、模型可动态调节、管片可智能拼装,最终实现韧性城市的盾构隧道智能化建设。     

Expert versus lay perception of the risks of motor vehicle-generated air pollution

We explore whether experts’ perceptions of risk differ systematically from those of the public. To do so, we examine whether experts and non-experts make different location decisions in response to ground-level ozone pollution, one of the byproducts of motorized transportation. Physicians are experts in the field of health, and thus may differ from their lay neighbors in their knowledge of and attitude toward pollution and its health risks. If so, it is possible that they value locations with cleaner air differently than their neighbors do. Here we use hedonic price models based on willingness to bear housing and commute burdens to examine the differential valuation of clean air by doctors and laypeople in the Los Angeles region between 1980 and 2000. We find no evidence that doctors are more or less more willing than comparable lay residents to trade off time or money to live in cleaner-air neighborhoods.     

Changes in transport risk perception in urban populations in Norway from 2004 to 2013

Urban populations transport risk perception is interesting because it is associated with travel mode choices and use. This study investigates changes in transport-related risk constructs in the urban population in Norway in 2004 and 2013, and describes whether people perceive private or public to be associated with the highest risk. The results are based on self-completion questionnaire surveys conducted in two independent representative samples living in the same urban areas in 2004 (n?=?592) and 2013 (n?=?1035). Overall, the respondents perceived the risk as lower in 2013 than in 2004. For both time periods, people consistently assessed the risk constructs related to private motorized transportation as higher than corresponding risk in public transportation. The findings suggest that while transportation risk perception in urban populations may change over time, the pattern that private motorized transportation is associated with a higher perceived risk than public transportation remains stable.     

基于听觉感知特征的水下目标回波分类(英文)

In underwater target detection, the bottom reverberation has some of the same properties as the target echo, which has a great impact on the performance. It is essential to study the difference between target echo and reverberation. In this paper based on the unique advantage of human listening ability on objects distinction, the Gammatone filter is taken as the auditory model. In addition, time-frequency perception features and auditory spectra features are extracted for active sonar target echo and bottom reverberation separation. The features of the experimental data have good concentration characteristics in the same class and have a large amount of differences between different classes, which shows that this method can effectively distinguish between the target echo and reverberation.     

基于三阶因子结构的航空公司服务质量评估模型研究

为了有效开展航空服务质量评估,针对航空公司服务质量特点,构建了航空公司服务质量的分阶因子模型,并通过实证研究对评估模型进行了验证,实证分析结果表明：基于乘客感知的航空公司服务质量包括交互质量、硬件环境质量、过程质量和结果质量4个二阶因子,每个二阶因子还包含若干个三阶因子;本文设计的航空公司服务质量量表具有较高的有效性和可靠性。