驾驶员道路安全感受模糊评判模型

应用层次分析法和模糊评判法，分析了道路各因素对驾驶员安全感的影响程度，建立了驾驶员对道路条件安全感受评价的定量描述模型。并利用该模型对一典型事故多发路段进行了实例验证，发现在改造前后驾驶员对该路段的安全感量化值从3．324降低到2．628，这一结果能很好地反映驾驶员的实际感受情况，是一种度量驾驶员安全感的有效方法。     

上海市居民通勤方式链特征分析与效率评价

为了解上海市居民通勤现状并改善其薄弱环节,以通勤时间为切入点,调查并分析上海市15个小区的居民通勤出行特征。首先明确通勤方式链定义,分析通勤方式链基本结构和环节组成,将其分为9大类23小类。同时划分4类通勤时间区间以及5类交通态度人群。总结方式链的时空分布规律,考虑主要态度人群"简单安全型"的通勤意愿,以公共汽车、地铁、公共交通组合方式链为例,评价方式链各环节效率。依据感知时间设计通勤者主观评价模型,不同环节通勤时间的改善会存在感知效果的差异。结果显示,接驳和候车是必要且易于改善的重点环节:接驳时间每增加1 min,期望节省时间平均增加0.021 min;候车时间每增加1 min,期望节省时间平均增加0.619 min。     

智慧公交为疫情防控时期的公共出行保驾护航

本文以新冠肺炎疫情防控为例,将国内疫情及其防控分为疫情突发时期,遏制疫情流行时期,防疫精准化、动态化、常态化时期三个阶段,并通过回顾性研究方法评述重大突发公共卫生事件影响下城市地面公共交通的信息化防控策略,分析公交防疫措施在智慧感知层、交换共享层、应用服务层存在的不足,提出了基于多元融合感知技术、加速自动驾驶场景应用、创新数据共享融通机制,持续深入推广大数据示范应用以及优化定制公交线路,丰富突发公共事件下交通行业应急策略体系的建议。     

长大隧道光环境下驾驶人信息感知表征方法研究现状和进展

随着我国交通隧道数量的增多、种类的丰富,隧道运营安全、节能和舒适之间的矛盾日益凸显。为解决上述矛盾,其关键就在于明晰隧道运营光环境与驾驶人的关系。基于此,在国内外研究的基础上,将隧道动态光环境信息感知表征方法归纳为视觉辨识能力、视觉功效、视觉负荷、视错觉4类,并阐述其定义、表征模型、评价指标等研究现状。通过对比,厘清目前国内外对隧道动态光环境信息感知表征方法研究的不足,并从驾驶人注视行为和考虑“光生物效应”2个方面论述隧道动态光环境信息感知表征方法的研究进展。最后,指出在未来的公路隧道动态光环境表征方法研究中,应注重物理量与生物量的结合,并进一步考虑生物量变化对驾驶人信息感知的影响。     

桥梁感知数据的轻量化侦测与分析方法研究

随着桥梁智能感知云平台的运营,其感知数据量随时间呈线性增长.如何使感知数据轻量化并从中获取有价值的信息,以用于桥梁结构的安全评定,已成为迫切需要解决的问题.为此,以某内河航道大跨度连续刚构桥感知数据为例,探讨轻量化数据处理、分析以及数据可视化方法,以期为更好地处理、分析以及展示桥梁感知数据提供参考.     

基于分层信息数据库的智能车仿真环境感知方法研究

针对目前智能汽车仿真中应用最广的环境感知方法(建立数据库,动态更新提取信息)的不足,提出了一种分类、分层的数据结构定义与存储方法,使数据库不但能描述复杂的道路情况,而且修改容易;在此基础上,将碰撞检测算法引入信息动态提取过程中,实现分层的感知信息提取。在驾驶模拟器上进行的车道标线、交通标志感知试验的结果表明,本文中提出的方法能实时对环境信息进行全面可靠的检测,并给出真实传感器的检测误差。     

U.S. Coastal Flood Insurance,Risk Perception,and Sea-Level Rise: A Perspective

This article uses coastal flood insurance policy in the United States to discuss the influence of historical and existing policy frameworks on the development of new policy directions in coastal management within a context of risk perception. It is presumed that under conditions of current and future sea-level rise, coastal planning will have to develop forward-looking policy instruments focused on managing human expectations, particularly the expectations of those living along the coast. Planning will be supported, in large part, by evolving scientific evidence on sea-level rise and the attendant hazards that accompany this phenomenon. It is likely that policy proposals for future coastal management will deviate to some degree from previous management practices. The role of previous management practices in supporting a perception of risk that deviates from actual risks is explored using historical and current coastal flood insurance policy in the United States as an example. The goal of this analysis is to highlight the importance of community risk perception, as a function of past policy practice, when considering new coastal management policy directions.     

城市道路跟驰车辆驾驶员视觉感知滞后效应的研究

根据驾驶员的视觉感知阈及城市道路交通特点，分别建立了城市道路中直道、弯道以及超车3种情况下跟驰车辆驾驶员视觉滞后时间的计算公式。从城市交通具体参数计算结果表明，跟驰车辆驾驶员总反应时间中视觉感知滞后时间是不可忽视的。     

Hazard perception test development for Lithuanian drivers

Hazard perception tests may not be transferable between different countries, due to differences in traffic culture and infrastructure. Therefore, different instruments might be necessary for assessing hazard perception in various countries. The aim of the current study was to develop the Lithuanian hazard perception test based on static traffic images and test its psychometric properties. Thirty-four experienced drivers participated in a pilot study, and 125 drivers with diverse driving experience took part in the main study. The final test contained 27 static traffic scenes and the participants were asked to respond if they saw a hazard or not. Results demonstrated that the test has satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliability. It differentiated between inexperienced and experienced drivers, and between those experienced drivers who had less than three or more than three crashes in their driving history. The test has sufficient psychometric properties for research; still further development is needed in order to apply it for individual testing and decisions about licence provision.