Investigation of the shear flows over a sunroof opening based on a linear inviscid instability analysis

The large-scale shear flows over the sunroof opening of a mid-sized SUV measured using a PIV system were investigated. The shear flows were measured for five different cases of deflector protrusion (one case was the baseline test without deflector) at two different free stream flow velocities below the critical velocity where the buffeting noise level reached a maximum. The structures of the shear flows were observed to differ, apparently depending on whether the radiated buffeting noise is relatively strong or not. For strongly buffeting experimental cases, the momentum thicknesses of the shear layers were observed to grow rapidly and saturated at a station near the downstream edge of the sunroof opening, where the saturation of the transverse velocity fluctuations was also observed, and where the vortex coalescence process was presumably completed. On the other hand, no discrete large-scale vortex structures were observed for none-buffeting or weakly buffeting cases. Streamwise growth of the velocity fluctuations was found to be well predicted by a linear hydrodynamic instability analysis for the strongly buffeting cases. Numerical results obtained from a linear inviscid instability analysis using a hyperbolic tangent mean velocity profile were used to calculate the amplification factors with the initial momentum thickness and the streamwise fluctuation wavenumber. The shear flows were found to form large-scale discrete vortices when the linear inviscid amplification factors exceeded a threshold amplification factor.     

加快公路交通科技发展开创西部地区公路交通发展新局面

论述了加快公路交通发展的重要性, 回顾了我国公路交通发展的历程, 指出加快公路交通发展必须加快公路交通科技发展。在此基础上概述了公路交通科技研究和开发的三大趋势和五大热点。结合西部大开发的战略实施, 分析了西部公路交通存在的不足和弱点, 阐述了国家支持西部公路交通发展的政策和规划。根据西部的自然条件, 讨论了西部公路交通发展过程中, 需要着力解决的技术难题。     

山西吕梁高速公路边坡植物防护和植被恢复的探讨

从山西省吕梁黄土高原区高速公路面临的生态环境条件出发,提出边坡植物防护的原则,植物种植和水土保持的施工方法,植物养护与管理的措施。     

车辆集中润滑技术在高寒地区的应用突破

目前应用的齿轮泵-容积式车辆集中润滑系统,因其在低温环境下难以有效泵送粘稠油脂,而使其在高寒地区的推广应用大大受限。针对这一技术瓶颈,本文提出有效的解决方案,不仅突破了车辆集中润滑技术在高寒地区的应用瓶颈,而且创造性地实现了高粘稠度NLGI-0~#极压锂基脂在全国绝大部分地区的常年应用。     

车站站台乘降区宽度的简易计算

阐述车站站台的列车停靠、乘客候车和上下车等功能,从乘降区的定义出发,分析乘客在站台上的动态行为和不同状态时所占的面积,并提出合理指标,从而对站台宽度进行计算。重点解决乘降区站台宽度计算的理念,以高峰小时段、每一列车、平均每一车门的上车客流作为计算客流的依据,探索简易计算方法。对换乘客流特征进行分析,提出车站高峰客流和换乘突发客流的新概念,以修正车站设计客流。     

发展重载运输对编组站既有调速设备提出的新要求

文章介绍了发展重载运输以后对编组站作业带来的各种影响,并提出应对既有的调速设备和作业方式进行改造和改进来适应这一新变化.     

高烈度地震区公路双连拱隧道地震动力响应研究

针对目前尚未对高烈度地震区双连拱隧道这种特殊的结构形式进行具体深入的动力响应研究的现状,从土-结构相互作用模型出发,运用数值分析方法对连拱隧道进行了三维弹塑性分析,主要研究水平方向上传播的剪切波所引起的双连拱公路隧道的地震动力响应。从计算结果看出,随着埋深的增加,双连拱隧道衬砌的水平位移逐渐减小,衬砌内力逐渐增大,而变化趋势逐渐平缓;随着中墙厚度的增加,隧道衬砌水平方向的位移峰值逐渐增大,因此建议采用2.2 m厚中墙。研究结果表明,连拱隧道衬砌的仰拱、墙脚及拱肩为抗震的薄弱环节。     

Changes in transport risk perception in urban populations in Norway from 2004 to 2013

Urban populations transport risk perception is interesting because it is associated with travel mode choices and use. This study investigates changes in transport-related risk constructs in the urban population in Norway in 2004 and 2013, and describes whether people perceive private or public to be associated with the highest risk. The results are based on self-completion questionnaire surveys conducted in two independent representative samples living in the same urban areas in 2004 (n?=?592) and 2013 (n?=?1035). Overall, the respondents perceived the risk as lower in 2013 than in 2004. For both time periods, people consistently assessed the risk constructs related to private motorized transportation as higher than corresponding risk in public transportation. The findings suggest that while transportation risk perception in urban populations may change over time, the pattern that private motorized transportation is associated with a higher perceived risk than public transportation remains stable.     

重庆山区绕城高速公路立交规划与思考

文章以重庆绕城高速公路立交规划布局为研究基础,对城市外环高速公路立交的布局、等级、技术条件、类型和方案进行了较深入的探讨,并结合工程实践,提出了关于城市外环立交规划布局的几个关键问题的意见和建议。     

多年冻土地段输油管道的敷设

由多年冻土引起的输油管道问题,主要有融沉、冻胀等不良地质现象。在多年冻土地区修建管道,该地区埋设管线因传热和震动引起冰层融化,产生冻胀、融沉问题,会使管线下沉或凸起,对管道建设产生不利影响。