驾驶员适应性对交通安全的影响

驾驶员自身因素对交通安全的影响很大,因此对驾驶员适应性的研究有助于我们从更深的角度去探索交通事故的原因,从而有针对性地采取相应的措施来降低事故率或者杜绝某些方面的事故.     

工程爆破振动信号分析中的小波方法

应用小波 富里叶综合分析方法对爆破振动信号进行时频域分析, 从爆破振动测试信号中分离出真实的振动信号, 并对爆破振动信号的频率特征进行精细地分析． 从而为在爆破振动安全规程中引入速度 频率准则提供了一种可行的技术手段     

基于嗅觉和听觉刺激的驾驶员疲劳唤醒方法研究

针对驾驶员在疲劳状态下易引发交通事故的问题,提出一种基于嗅觉和听觉刺激的驾驶员疲劳唤醒方法,研究以薄荷气体和阿尔法脑波音乐作为刺激源的唤醒效果,采用主观疲劳问卷和心电（ECG）、脉搏（PPG）以及呼吸（RESP）生理信号作为疲劳唤醒有效性判断指标。结果表明,两种方案的心电、脉搏以及呼吸生理数据均显示能有效干预驾驶疲劳,与主观疲劳问卷调查结果相一致,验证了基于嗅觉和听觉刺激的驾驶员疲劳唤醒方法的有效性,且基于听觉刺激的唤醒方案唤醒效果更佳。     

基于图像处理铁路信号灯特征提取

利用数字图像处理技术通过MATLAB对铁路信号灯图像进行了图像增强,图像剪切及边缘检测处理,实现了信号灯几何特征(面积、周长,圆形度)的提取,为实现对信号灯的有效监测和识别提供了技术保障.     

城市道路复合交叉口交通渠化设计方法研究

复合交叉口渠化设计对于提高交通服务水平,保证交通安全,解决城市交通拥挤问题有非常重要的意义.以泰州一典型复合交叉口为例,通过多方案的设计及比选,提出了复合交叉口渠化设计的思路、程序和方法,并对所选择的设计方案进行了仿真测试,结果表明所选择的设计方案优于其他备选方案,改善了原有交叉口交通流的紊乱现象.文章所提出的方法对此类交叉口的设计提供了一个参考.     

专家故障诊断系统在97型25Hz相敏轨道电路故障诊断中的应用

使用专家故障诊断系统对97型25Hz相敏轨道电路故障红光带问题进行监测;通过案例法详细描述实现过程,包括专家故障诊断系统的构成,提取专家经验形成知识库,以及使用推理机进行推理运算,得出相关结果等。     

Optimal speed advisory for connected vehicles in arterial roads and the impact on mixed traffic

Connected Vehicles (CV) equipped with a Speed Advisory System (SAS) can obtain and utilize upcoming traffic signal information to manage their speed in advance, lower fuel consumption, and improve ride comfort by reducing idling at red lights. In this paper, a SAS for pre-timed traffic signals is proposed and the fuel minimal driving strategy is obtained as an analytical solution to a fuel consumption minimization problem. We show that the minimal fuel driving strategy may go against intuition of some people; in that it alternates between periods of maximum acceleration, engine shut down, and sometimes constant speed, known in optimal control as bang-singular-bang control. After presenting this analytical solution to the fuel minimization problem, we employ a sub-optimal solution such that drivability is not sacrificed and show fuel economy still improves significantly. Moreover this paper evaluates the influence of vehicles with SAS on the entire arterial traffic in micro-simulations. The results show that SAS-equipped vehicles not only improve their own fuel economy, but also benefit other conventional vehicles and the fleet fuel consumption decreases with the increment of percentage of SAS-equipped vehicles. We show that this improvement in fuel economy is achieved with a little compromise in average traffic flow and travel time.     

TBM主轴承声发射故障诊断研究

以隧道施工TBM为研究对象,设计了主轴承声发射检测试验,进行了声发射信号采集,并取得较理想的分析信号。根据信号的时域图像特征及相关技术人员的数据支持,初步对TBM主轴承的工作状态做了判断,并采用了时变峭度法对实测信号进行分析,获取了强背景噪声下明显的故障特征,达到了抑制噪声、突出特征成分的目的。试验分析结果证明了该方法用于声发射故障信号特征提取的有效性,同时对TBM的状态监测提供了新思路。     

Reserve capacity model based on variable demand for land-use development control

In this paper, the concept of reserve capacity has been extended to zone level to measure the land-use development potentiality of each trip generation zone. Bi-level programing models are proposed to determine the signal setting of individual intersections for maximizing possible increase in total travel demand and the corresponding reserve capacity for each zone. The change of the origin–destination pattern with the variation of upper level decision variables is presented through the combined distribution/assignment model under user equilibrium conditions. Both singly constrained and doubly constrained combined models are considered for different trip purposes and data information. Furthermore, we have introduced the continuous network design problem by increasing road capacity and examined its effect on the land-use development potentiality of trip generation zone. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the application of the models and how a genetic algorithm is applied to solve the problem.     

Investigating the irregularity of bus routes: highlighting how underlying assumptions of bus models impact the regularity results

A bus route is inherently unstable: when the system is uncontrolled, buses fail to maintain their time‐headways and tend to bunch. Several mathematical bus motion models were proposed to reproduce the bus behavior and assess management strategies. However, no work has established how the choice of a model impacts the irregularity of modeled bus systems, that is, the non‐respect of scheduled headways. Because of this gap, a large body of existing works assumes that the ability of these models to reproduce instability comes only from stochasticity, although the link between stochastic inputs and the level of irregularity remains unknown. Moreover, some recognized phenomena such as a change of travel conditions during a day or delays at signalized intersections are ignored. To address these shortcomings, this paper provides an overview of existing dynamic bus‐focused models and proposes a simple way to classify them. Commonly used deterministic and stochastic models are compared, which allows quantifying the relative influence of stochasticity of each model component on outputs. Moreover, we show that a change in the system equilibrium in a full deterministic system can lead to irregularity. Finally, this paper proposes a refinement of travel time models to account for non‐dynamic signals. In presence of traffic signals, we show that a bus system can be self‐regulated. Especially, these insights could help to calibrate bus model inputs to better reproduce real data. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.