Strategic considerations behind the network–regional airline tie ups – A theoretical and empirical study

The paper examines the strategic vertical relationship between network and regional airlines. We develop a model to illustrate how network airlines can use the contractual relationship with regional airlines as an efficient tool to simultaneously drive out inefficient network airlines and also accommodate other cost efficient network airlines in any specific market. The model is tested on U.S. data using simultaneous and sequential choice models. We find that market size, cost differences between network airlines, as well as cost differences between network and regional airlines, are the chief determinants of the network airlines’ decisions on whether or not to serve a market with their own fleet, as well as how many regional airlines to contract with.     

Environmental lumping for efficient fatigue assessment of large-diameter monopile wind turbines

Fatigue damage is one of the governing factors for the design of offshore wind turbines. However, the full fatigue assessment is a time-consuming task. During the design process, the site-specific environmental parameters are usually condensed by a lumping process to reduce the computational effort. Preservation of fatigue damage during lumping requires an accurate consideration of the met-ocean climate and the dynamic response of the structure. Two lumping methods (time-domain and frequency-domain) have been evaluated for a monopile-based 10 MW offshore wind turbine, both based on damage-equivalent contour lines. Fatigue damage from lumped load cases was compared to full long-term fatigue assessment. The lumping methods had an accuracy of 94–98% for the total long-term fatigue damage and 90% for individual wind speed classes, for aligned wind and waves. Fatigue damage was preserved with the same accuracy levels for the whole support structure. A significant reduction of computational time (93%) was achieved compared to a full long-term fatigue assessment. For the cases with 30° and 60° wind-wave misalignment, there was a mean underestimation of approximately 10%. Variations in penetration depth did not affect the selection of the lumped sea-state parameters. This work presents a straightforward method for the selection of damage-equivalent lumped load cases, which can adequately preserve long-term fatigue damage throughout the support structure, providing considerable reduction of computational effort.     

Riser-soil interaction model effects on the dynamic behavior of a steel catenary riser

A mathematical model employed to analyze the global dynamics of a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) taking into account the interaction with the seafloor and the effect of the soil reaction forces is established. The choice of soil model plays an important role for the dynamic behavior of SCRs. The riser has been modeled using flexible beam with large curvature and elastic foundation beam to describe the riser-soil interaction by means of realistic nonlinear load-deflection (P–y) curves. The study is made to improve an existing finite element numerical code for dynamic analysis of mooring lines and risers, known as CABLE 3D, which is based on a slender rod assumption. Effects of nonlinear seabed model on the dynamic behavior of SCRs under vessel cyclic perturbation have further been investigated and discussed using a realistic P–y curve to simulate soil deformation and resistance forces. The interaction model depends on several factors, such as soil strength, penetration depth and riser characteristics. The dynamic responses of the riser Touchdown Point (TDP) excited by vessel periodic heave motion are studied and the results are compared with those from the linear spring model. SCR has been perturbed by 10 regular sinusoidal cycles and the responses calculated by improved code show a number of features such as suction force mobilization, gradual increasing penetration depth, and gradual reduction of soil resistance at maximum penetration. The riser behavior at the touchdown zone (TDZ) depends on the riser top motion amplitude, nonlinear soil stiffness and suction force. The impact of the riser-soil interaction model on the dynamic behavior in the TDZ has been thoroughly studied in this paper.     

水手工艺课程部分项目互动教学探索与实践

介绍了互动教学模式的特点,探讨了互动教学的实施方法,指出互动教学有利于全面推进素质教育改革,培养高素质的专业人才.     

机车—桁架桥梁耦合振动研究

建立了轮对和钢轨之间弹性联接３３个自由度的机车车辆动力学模型，采用有限元法分析计算了列车荷载作用下某铁路双线钢桁桥的动力响应。采用空间梁单元建立了桁架桥的振动方程。根据随机振动理论计算了当列车过桥时，车－桥耦合振动系统的空间动力响应，并与实测结果进行了比较，比较表明，采用弹性联接横型比密贴模型的计算结果更接近于实测值。     

基于神经网络的内燃机油清净剂复配性研究

清净剂间的交互作用是很复杂的,两种或多种清净剂间复配性难以用数学模型进行描述,应用神经网络处理非线性问题的强大功能,对清净剂复配性试验的结果进行了处理,并在神经网络的强大推广能力的基础上,计算出内燃机油清净剂复配的最佳比.该值与以前的结论极吻合.     

双排桩基悬臂式 挡土墙结构计算方法研究

基于双排桩基悬臂式挡土墙结构与传统支挡结构存在较大的差异性,通过探讨双排桩基悬臂式挡土墙结构的承载机理,提出该结构的简化分析模型以及结构内力与变形的解析计算方法,并通过典型工程的有限元建模计算,验证该计算方法的可行性。研究结果表明:双排桩基悬臂式挡土墙结构可分解为悬臂段、底板与桩基,依次采用悬臂梁模型、简支梁模型与弹性地基梁模型进行设计计算;悬臂段承受填筑体水平土压力荷载;底板承受悬臂段传递的重力、水平力与弯矩,以及上部填筑体的竖向均布土压力荷载;桩基承受荷段受水平土压力,锚固段承受由变形引起的弹性抗力;悬臂段底部、底板纵向跨中断面、底板与桩基连接处以及桩基顶部与锚固点附近为应力集中断面,设计时应注意截面安全检算;理论计算结果略大于数值计算结果,验证了该计算方法的合理性,为结构优化设计提供了思路。     

出口阿根廷地铁车辆的踏面与轮轨关系分析

NEFA706型踏面是阿根廷地铁客户推荐采用的,通过与国内常用的LM型、LMA型和S1002型踏面的踏面外形、轮轨接触关系(54E1型钢轨)、轮轨接触应力和动力学性能(特定参数条件)进行对比分析,得出这4种踏面型式分别与54E1型钢轨匹配时的性能结果,为出口阿根廷地铁车辆车轮踏面的选取提供了理论依据。     

基于流固耦合的水底隧道仰拱受力分析与优化

目前,国内外学者对用于铁路和公路交通的山岭隧道断面形式做了不少研究,并得出一些有价值的结论。但是,研究结论应用于水底隧道是否同样能满足衬砌结构受力合理的要求,是值得研究的问题。矿山法修建大断面铁路和公路水底隧道,其断面形式主要采用马蹄形断面,并设置仰拱来控制围岩位移及改善衬砌结构受力。本文以厦门东通道海底隧道为工程背景,采用三维有限差分软件FLAC3D进行流固耦合分析,研究仰拱曲率半径及仰拱部位的防排水措施对围岩位移及衬砌结构受力的影响,优化水底隧道断面形式,以指导大型跨江海的水底隧道的设计和施工。     

多振型效应对铁路高柔桥墩弹塑性地震响应的影响

对FEMA356和ATC-40中考虑多自度效应的非线性静力分析法进行改进。并在FEMA440考虑土-结构相互作用能力谱法基础上,以我国西南某铁路特大桥桥墩为研究对象,选取与我国《铁路工程抗震规范》Ⅱ类场地相符合的80条强震记录,利用FEMA440性能点轨迹法求解高柔桥墩结构延性及性能点;并与80条强震记录非线性时程分析计算结果平均值进行比较。验证本文改进的非线性静力分析法反映高柔桥墩多自度效应的合理性,及考虑土-结构相互作用能力谱法在铁路桥梁工程中应用的可行性。