Simulation of dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout

Dynamic train–track interaction is more complex in railway turnouts (switches and crossings) than that in ordinary tangent or curved tracks. Multiple contacts between wheel and rail are common, and severe impact loads with broad frequency contents are induced, when nominal wheel–rail contact conditions are disturbed because of the continuous variation in rail profiles and the discontinuities in the crossing panel. The absence of transition curves at the entry and exit of the turnout, and the cant deficiency, leads to large wheel–rail contact forces and passenger discomfort when the train is switching into the turnout track. Two alternative multibody system (MBS) models of dynamic interaction between train and a standard turnout design are developed. The first model is derived using a commercial MBS software. The second model is based on a multibody dynamics formulation, which may account for the structural flexibility of train and track components (based on finite element models and coordinate reduction methods). The variation in rail profile is accounted for by sampling the cross-section of each rail at several positions along the turnout. Contact between the back of the wheel flange and the check rail, when the wheelset is steered through the crossing, is considered. Good agreement in results from the two models is observed when the track model is taken as rigid.     

Mathematical modelling of train–turnout interaction

The paper proposes a mathematical model of train–turnout interaction in the mid-frequency range (0–500 Hz). The model accounts for the effects of rail profile variation along the track and of local variation of track flexibility. The proposed approach is able to represent the condition of one wheel being simultaneously in contact with more than one rail, allowing the accurate prediction of the effect of wheels being transferred from one rail to another when passing over the switch toe and the crossing nose. Comprehensive results of train–turnout interaction during the negotiation of the main and the branch lines are presented, including the effect of wear of wheel/rail profiles and presence of track misalignment. In the final part of the paper, comparisons are performed between the results of numerical simulations and line measurements performed on two different turnouts for urban railway lines, showing a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.     

Investigating the influence of soil properties on railway traffic vibration using a numerical model

This paper presents the influence of dynamic and geometrical soil parameters on the propagation of ground vibrations induced by external loads. The proposed approach is based on a three-dimensional model, focusing on realistic excitation sources like impulse loads and moving railway vehicles. For the latter, a complete vehicle/track model is developed. The simulation is performed in time domain, offering an interesting approach, compared with classic cyclic analyses. The ground is modelled initially as an elastic homogeneous half-space and additionally as a layered half-space. First, the effect of homogeneous soil properties on ground vibration is analysed. Soil stratification is then taken into account, using various configurations. Analysis reveals that as receiver distance increases ground wave reflection in a layered ground plays an important role in the reduction of ground surface motion. This effect is magnified when the phase velocity wavelength becomes large compared with the depth of the surface layer.     

网络互动在《船舶高级消防》实操教学中的探索

从《船舶高级消防》实操教学中"呼吸器"单项实训入手,总结了网络互动教学在《船舶高级消防》实操教学中的实施过程,并对实施后的教学效果进行了评述。     

基于Autodesk平台的山区隧道BIM应用研究

为有效解决隧道建模标准化、三维实体精确化、施工管理信息化等问题，以邹平县广富隧道为例、Autodesk平台为基础，根据设计图纸内容对隧道整体结构进行细分，形成一套成熟的隧道建模规则命名体系。采用Civil 3D+Dynamo+Revit软件交互实施体系，实现对隧道建模的精细控制；采用中建八局BIM协同管理平台对施工全过程进行信息化管理，该平台优势在于以Autodesk平台精细模型的各构件为信息源，并以此为选择基础，提出对项目生产、质量、安全、设计、资料等的全方位管理；同时，模型、资料、审批信息等内容相互关联，真正实现工程资料闭合。     

Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle–track–soil interaction,irregularities and soil measurements

Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses – the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle–track–soil interaction – have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle–track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.     

Study on the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset with solid axles in a railway turnout

ABSTRACT

Dynamic wheel–rail interaction in railway turnouts is more complicated than on ordinary track. In order to evaluate the derailment behaviour of railway wheelsets in railway turnouts, this paper presents a study of dynamic wheel–rail interaction during a wheel flange climbs on the turnout rails, by applying the elasticity positioning wheelset model. A numerical model is established based on a coupled finite element method and multi-body dynamics, and applied to study the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset in both the facing and trailing directions in a railway turnout, as well as dynamic wheel–turnout rail interaction during the wheel flange climbing on the turnout rails. The influence of the wheel–rail attack angle and the friction coefficient on the dynamic derailment behaviour is investigated through the proposed model. The results show that the derailment safety for a wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing direction is significantly lower than that for the trailing direction and the ordinary track. The possibility of derailment for the wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing and trailing directions at positive wheel–rail attack angles will increase with an increase in the attack angles, and the possibility of derailment can be reduced by decreasing the friction coefficient.     

机械和螺旋桨振动噪声作用下的物探船水下辐射噪声数值预报

探讨了考虑机械噪声和螺旋桨噪声共同作用下物探船水下辐射噪声有效计算方法,采用基于结构有限元-声学边界元的声固耦合模式直接一体化计算水下总辐射噪声级。建立了某物探船整船三维结构有限元模型以及流体声学边界元模型。在船体总振动响应分析基础上,将螺旋桨噪声以点声源的形式与机械振动源同时输入到统一声学环境中求解,对物探船水下辐射噪声进行数值预报,给出了物探船辐射噪声指向特性,并比较了两类噪声源一体化计算方法与直接叠加合成方法在物探船水下辐射噪声计算结果的差异。研究表明,采用机械噪声与螺旋桨噪声直接叠加合成总辐射声级的方法在工程精度上可接受,但一体化计算是更合理的处理方式。     

动力定位船舶桨-桨干扰处理策略研究

本文针对动力定位船舶在推力分配中桨-桨之间的水动力干扰问题,基于二次规划算法提出了一种改进的避免桨-桨干扰的策略。以一艘海洋平台供应船模型为研究对象,通过仿真验证了该算法可以有效地降低推进器的推力损失,提高船舶的定位精度,降低推进系统的能耗。     

高强铝合金加筋薄壁梁板元相互作用研究

本文进行了某典型高强铝合金加筋薄壁梁的弯剪承载特性研究。依据工程要求设计了三种缩尺试验模型:横向加筋薄壁梁、附加纵向止裂筋薄壁梁和腹板开口补强薄壁梁。静力加载试验表明:(1)试验件破坏均由受压翼缘的局部屈曲破坏导致,但是不同试验件的屈曲翼缘弯曲变形方向不同;(2)处于腹板受拉区的纵向止裂筋不影响结构承载特性;(3)特别地,试验发现跨中腹板开口补强引起了相邻梁段屈曲翼缘承载力显著提升,目前普遍认为横向加强筋隔开的板元之间无相互作用,因此可以认为这是一种新的板元承载力相互作用。进而,基于被试验验证的有限元模型进行了材料屈曲强度的参数化分析,并证实材料屈服强度越高,板元相互作用引起的屈曲翼缘的承载力变化幅度越大。