Transport policy in Eastern Europe a case study of Hungary

This paper analyses the development of transport policy making in Eastern Europe over the last forty years and describes the role of the CMEA in determining national developments in Poland, Romania, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Bulgaria. The USSR, Albania and Yugoslavia are excluded. The planning system as operated in the Eastern Block, is described, followed by a particular case study of Hungarian policy making with respect to the transport sector. Specific tansport issues relating to Hungary are outlined before conclusions are drawn in terms of future developments in relation with the European Community.     

Strategic management of organizational turnarounds in the transit industry

The traditional wisdom that there are increasing returns to scale among bus transit systems has been shaken with recent research findings. The implication from the literature is that unless many transit systems restructure along new organizational lines the financial and service provision difficulties will continue. Very few public transit systems have attempted to strategically manage change and turnaround organizationally.The objectives of this research were to identify the salient factors in organizational turnarounds and to determine whether these factors were evident within transit organizations that have attempted to manage change strategically. The author reviewed the corporate turnaround literature and conducted four case studies of strategic planning/management within the transit industry.All four cases exhibited organizational declines or perceived declines as imminent. They initiated turnarounds through reorganizations and efforts at strategic management. The reorganizations that occurred at all four cases were relatively minor, involving some changes in function. Only minor changes in management occurred and commitment to strategic management varied. Strategic objectives were not quantifiable. All of the cases could have improved their communication below the middle-management levels. The measures of performance in general did not relate a specific strategy and program to a particular turnaround effect. Through management commitment and some minor organizational restructuring two cases achieved some degree of turnaround. Total commitment to strategic management, organizational change, adequate communication, and accurate performance measures are keys to definitive turnarounds.     

Transit trip distribution model considering land use differences between catchment areas

Sustainable land use planning and advanced public transport system are believed to be effective solutions to traffic congestion. To this end, it is important to reveal the relationship between transit ridership and land use. However, current Direct Ridership Models only focus on the relationship between single station's boarding volume and the corresponding catchment area land use. This paper analyzed the ridership distribution between transit stations by considering the land use difference between catchment areas. Land use difference was calculated from point of interest (POI) data extracted from an electronic map of Beijing; transit trip distribution volume was obtained from ‘automatic fare collection’ facility. After data specification, a transit ridership distribution model was proposed and calibrated. The calibration results suggest that land use difference has a directly proportional correlation with transit ridership distribution. The research findings build a bridge between detailed urban form and public transport, which is of significance for the further research of sustainable urban planning. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北京新机场轨道交通与市区线网衔接规划方案分析

对城市轨道交通机场线规划设计方案影响显著的因素包括机场线的线路功能、发展模式及与市区线网的衔接模式。城市轨道交通机场线按其线路功能可分为城市轨道交通机场专线、混合线路及一般城市轨道交通线路。城市轨道交通机场线的典型发展模式有完全利用既有轨道交通线路模式,新建轨道交通线路模式及部分利用既有轨道交通线路模式。新建轨道交通机场线与市区线网衔接的典型模式为核心终止式、近端接入式及远端延展式。提出了城市轨道交通机场线与市区线网衔接规划方案的设计思路,并以此思路,从北京新机场航空客流分布情况、线路功能、发展模式和衔接模式4个角度分析了北京新机场轨道交通线路规划设计方案。     

对控制性详细规划修改的思考

控制性详细规划（简称控规）是编制修建性详细规划的基础,指导规划区内用地规模和各类建筑设施土地空间配置的建设活动,控规修改是对控规进一步论证,更符合人们意志的规划。     

降低城市轨道交通征地拆迁成本的探讨

在大量数据的基础上,分析我国城市轨道交通征地拆迁成本的现状,认为目前这项成本过高且有增长的趋势;从用地控制规划、车辆段规模、资源共享等方面,提出降低征地拆迁成本的措施和方法。     

广深港客运考线福田站选址规划研究

借鉴国外高速铁路城际站设站经验,结合区域、城市及综合交通等发展战略对高速铁路车站的选址要求,分析广深港客运专线设站区位及不同设站条件下客流时间效益.对福田中心区设站的综合效益及功能定位进行了论证.提出将广深港客运专线引入中心区并设福田站,以更好地服务广深港间商务城际客流,并对福田站规划方案进行了分析.     

城市交通枢纽规划设计研究

天津站和天津西站交通枢纽工程为天津市区集铁路、多条地铁线路、公交、长途、出租交叉换乘的两大交通枢纽工程,对天津市城市规划和整体协调发展将产生重要影响。此文将以天津站、天津西站两个交通枢纽为例,对交通枢纽工程的规划设计进行深入探讨,以期为同类工程建设提供参考。     

不确定条件下地铁应急储备点 优化配置研究

为提高地铁应对突发事件的预防和处置能力,探讨不确定条件下的地铁应急物资储备点优化配置问题。 考虑在应急物资储备点不确定和需求点救援带有时间窗限制的情形下,以应急物流总成本最小化和救援时间最短 化为目标,建立基于相关机会规划理论的地铁应急储备点选址-路径模型,并应用遗传算法求解。通过算例验证遗 传算法在处理应急储备点不确定和需求点时间窗限制下的有效性和鲁棒性,可减少陷入局部最优的可能性,进而 为地铁应急物资储备点选址决策提供模型和方法设计。     

武汉市轨道交通规划编制体系实践与优化

随着全国各城市轨道交通的全面发展,轨道交通规划建设管理重点由单一的工程推进转变为综合协调集约发展。结合武汉市轨道交通规划编制、审批管理、设计实施中存在的问题,以对接规划管理体系为主要抓手,通过重新梳理规划体系、深化完善规划内容、全面统筹城市建设,提出建立两次选址机制、新增道路景观提升规划、协调城市近期建设规划等多种手段,优化既有轨道交通规划编制体系,加强规划的控制引导作用,确保轨道交通与城市建设整体协调可持续发展。