城市轨道交通列车时刻表与车底运用整合优化模型

基于单条城市轨道线路,分析客流需求、列车时刻表及车底运用之间的密切联系, 以运行安全、资源限制、列车容纳能力等作为主体约束,综合考虑公司运营费用和乘客出行费 用,构建基于客流分布的城市轨道交通列车时刻表与车底运用整合优化模型,并采用线性处 理方法,将模型转化为混合整数线性规划(MILP)模型.最后,以北京地铁亦庄线为实例,利用 ILOG CPLEX对模型进行求解.结果表明,与既有的优化方法相比,本文模型得到的列车运行 计划方案能够更好地节约成本,提高车底利用效率,满足城市轨道交通乘客和运营企业双方 的利益.     

突发环境下城市道路网关键路段集识别

为了更好地判断出突发环境下城市道路网络中的关键路段,本文结合路网脆弱性分析方法,构建了一种涵盖单条到多条路段失效的关键路段集识别模型.首先,对路网进行随机攻击,运用网络效率、最大连通子图等鲁棒性指标寻找潜在关键路段;然后,引入0-1变量,建立一个含道路通行能力约束的非线性优化模型;再以此为基础,用分段线性化手段处理目标函数与约束条件,将模型转化为一个混合0-1规划问题;最后,以分支定界法求解模型并设计算例验证.结果表明：突发环境下的路网关键路段集一般不是若干关键路段的简单集成,其构成元素在几何拓扑层面上也不具有邻接关系;而且随着失效路段数的增多,路网鲁棒性与总阻抗变化量之间会呈现出较显著的负相关关系,可用“逆向”曲线进行刻画,效果良好.     

温拌SBS沥青混合料旋转压实特性

采用旋转压实仪(SGC)成型温拌SBS沥青混合料试件,根据体积参数的变化规律确定了最佳拌合温度,根据旋转压实曲线对温拌沥青混合料和热拌沥青混合料的压实特性进行了对比分析.分析结果表明:与热拌沥青混合料相比,用旋转压实法确定温拌沥青混合料成型温度降低约20℃,动稳定度提高30%,低温抗裂和抗水损害能力相差不大.在压实初期...     

宁波大榭第二大桥总体设计

大榭第二大桥为大榭岛对外与北仑联结的第二座特大型跨海桥梁工程,全长约5.5 km,由主桥、大榭侧及北仑侧引桥、炮台岗深路堑及老329国道简易立交组成,主桥采用大型单索面帆形混合塔斜拉桥.介绍了全桥总体布置、主桥及两侧引桥结构的设计与构思.     

考虑财政补贴的电动公交车队置换优化模型

为解决公交车队置换问题,分析财政补贴政策对公交车队电动化的影响,本文考虑财政补贴、温室气体排放水平等因素,以公交车队生命周期成本最小为优化目标,建立公交车队置换的混合整数规划模型,使用CPLEX软件求解模型,获得最优精确解。以2017年北京市19路公交车队为算例进行计算,得出最优的车辆购置方案、充电桩购置方案、车辆淘汰方案,最优方案的生命周期成本为21289.7万元,温室气体排放量为2488.4 吨二氧化碳当量。针对财政补贴、最终电动公交比例、温室气体排放水平等参数进行敏感性分析。分析结果表明：财政补贴从成本及碳排放角度对公交电动化有正面促进作用,但延缓了公交电动化的进程;短期内混合动力公交成本优势明显,长期来看,电动公交具有可观的减排潜力。     

Asymptotic calculation of wave period statistics in non-Gaussian mixed sea

This article concerns the calculation of the wave period probability densities in non-Gaussian mixed sea states.The calculations are carried out by incorporating a second order nonlinear wave model into an asymptotic analysis method which is a novel approach to the calculation of wave period probability densities.Since all of the calculations are performed in the probability domain,the approach avoids long time-domain simulations.The accuracy and efficiency of the asymptotic analysis method for calculating the wave period probability densities are validated by comparing the results predicted using the method with those predicted by using the Monte-Carlo simulation(MCS) method.     

Synchronized Production and Transportation Planning Using Subcontracted Vehicles in a Production-Distribution Network

Abstract

Effective management of interfaces between procurement, supply, production and distribution for higher efficiency in the supply chain is an important issue in global manufacturing, where the synchronization of production and transportation planning represents important savings in operational costs. This paper focuses on the synchronization of production planning and transportation planning in a production distribution network, where transportation is subcontracted to a professional transportation enterprise (PTE) for vehicle-hiring. Dynamic and flexible numbers of vehicles are used to cater for fast changing market demands. Thus, the number of vehicles to be hired is viewed from the planning point of view as an operational decision considered simultaneously with production and transportation planning. A mathematical model – SPTP/MTDS – for synchronized production and transportation planning under multiple times and direct shipping strategy (MTDS) is discussed, and a Lagrange relaxation decomposition-based two layer decision procedure (LRD-TLDP) is developed. By introducing artificial decision variables and Lagrange multipliers, SPTP/MTDS is decomposed into a production decision sub-problem (SPTP-PD), and a distribution decision sub-problem (SPTP-DD). A priority-based assignment heuristic and a partial chain-based genetic algorithm are developed to solve SPTP-PD and SPTP-DD, respectively. An illustration of the application of the model in an electronic appliance manufacturing enterprise in China is presented.     

Converting mixed pedestrian flows into equivalent commuters using standard pedestrian equivalent factors

This paper develops the concept of standard pedestrian equivalent (SPE) factors for converting a mixed pedestrian flow into an equivalent commuter flow. After a comprehensive review of passenger car equivalent (PCE) methodologies, the equal total travel time method is utilised for SPE estimation. A micro-simulation approach is employed for the formulation of the total travel time–flow relationship. Field data collected on walking speed distributions for commuters and older adults in Australia are used as model inputs. An independent samples t-test confirms the significant difference between walking speeds of commuters and older adults. For this paper, a unidirectional flow on flat walkways is initially considered and evaluated across proportions of older people, different flows and different walkway widths. The introduction of older adults significantly increases total travel time especially under congested conditions. Results of this investigation can be used for evaluation or design of pedestrian facilities experiencing similar flow conditions.     

雾天对驾驶行为的影响研究——避撞驾驶行为

考虑雾天环境下不良视距对驾驶行为的影响,基于驾驶模拟器为实验平台,通过对46名实验人员在不同雾天实验场景下的测试来分析雾天对驾驶人紧急避撞行为的影响.选取一组非平衡重复测量数据,以刹车瞬时速度和刹车反应时间为因变量,将性别、职业作为固定效应,雾天作为重复测量变量建立线形混合效应模型,并采用SPSS求解.结果表明,在无雾、轻雾与浓雾环境下,驾驶人的平均刹车反应时间分别是1.22,1.26,1.56s,而平均刹车瞬时速度分别为68.10,45.53,48.85 km/h.与无雾环境相比,驾驶人在有雾环境下的可视距离受到限制,刹车反应时间分别增加了0.04 s和0.34s,刹车瞬时速度分别减少了22.57 km/h和19.25 km/h.     

交叉口混合交通流高维多目标信号优化控制

为提高我国城市道路交叉口混合交通流智能信号控制的效率,提出一种基于高维多目标进化算法的交叉口混合交通流信号智能优化控制方法.首先,提出一种新的高维多目标进化算法GRMODE,设计了新的算法模型并改进了Pareto支配排序等多项关键技术;其次,设计了基于GRMODE算法的交叉口混合交通流高维多目标信号优化控制模型,提供5项控制目标最优的信号控制方案.在南京市交叉口信号控制中的仿真实验结果表明,基于GRMODE算法的控制模型能够使交叉口机动车平均延误、停车次数、通行能力、非机动车平均延误及行人等待时间等多项性能指标同时达到最优,提升交叉口智能信号控制效率.