高速公路降噪林带设计方法探讨

以江苏省内部分高速公路路侧绿化带为对象,通过分析绿化带结构对交通噪声衰减的效果,重点探讨了高速公路高路基及缓坡路段与路堑路段绿化降噪林带的设计方法。研究结果表明,在不同立地条件下,降噪林带设计也不同,一般来说,填方路段林带结构以混合林带为主,挖方路段以纯林带为主。     

透水生态混凝土与植草性能的研究

生态植草混凝土是一类能够适宜草本植物生长的多孔透水混凝土,本文就多孔混凝土的组成对植草性能的影响以及不同草种在多孔混凝土中的生长情况进行了研究.研究结果表明:利用粒径比较大、比较集中的集料制备的混凝土有利于提高空隙率和孔隙的尺寸及连通程度,用矿物掺合料代替部分水泥有利于降低pH值,用再生集料代替天然集料有利于提高混凝土保水能力,这些都有利于草在多孔混凝土中的生长.顶峰和交战两个草种比较适合在多孔混凝土中生长.     

粉煤灰预拌混凝土配合比设计用强度公式研究

研究了粉煤灰（FA）掺量对不同胶水比的混凝土28d强度的影响规律．研究表明,粉煤灰预拌混凝土28d强度与胶水比具有很好的线性相关性,Bolomy公式对粉煤灰预拌混凝土是适用的,但公式中的回归系数需要修正;粉煤灰掺量对不同胶水比的混凝土28d强度的影响规律基本相同,提出了粉煤灰强度影响系数的概念和经验公式,并利用影响系数对Bolomy公式进行了修正．     

An exploration of the relationships between socioeconomics,land use and daily trip chain pattern among low-income residents

Daily trip chain complexity and type choices of low-income residents are examined based on activity travel diary survey data in Nanjing, China. Statistical tests reveal that non-work trip chain complexity is distinctly distinct between low-income residents and non-low-income residents. Low-income residents are inclined to make simple non-work chains. Two types of econometric models, a stereotype logit model and mixed logit model, are then developed to investigate the possible explanatory variables affecting their trip pattern. The number of stops within a chain and chain types are considered as dependent variables, while independent variables include household and personal characteristics as well as land use variables. Results show that once convenient and flexible conditions are supplied, low-income residents are more likely to make multiple activities in a trip chain. Areas with high population and employment densities are associated with complex work trip chains and more non-work activity involvement.     

Optimizing signals for arterials experiencing heavy mixed scooter-vehicle flows

Recognizing the increasing popularity of scooters among urban commuters in developing countries and the significant impacts of their dynamic maneuverability on the progression of mixed traffic, this study presents a simulation-based signal optimization model for arterials experiencing heavy scooter-vehicle flows. The proposed model consists of a macroscopic simulation and a signal optimization module, where the former functions to capture the interactions between scooter and passenger-car flows over the process of discharging, propagation, and formation of intersection queues. The latter offers a specially-designed algorithm to search for the optimal signal plan and arterial offsets, based on the complex departure and arrival patterns of mixed flows estimated with the simulation module. To account for scooters’ unique parallel moving and queue patterns in a travel lane, the proposed signal module has adopted the sub-lane concept in estimating the mixed-flow queue distribution across lanes and their discharging flow rates. The results of extensive experimental analyses with various mixed-flow scenarios confirm that the proposed model offers the potential for signal design for arterials plagued by heavy scooter-vehicle mixed flows.     

Hierarchical network-based equilibrium model and algorithm for a mixed-traffic urban transport system

Abstract

Many equilibrium models and algorithms based on homogeneous motorized traffic have been devised to model urban transport systems in developed countries, but they are inadequate when it comes to represent mixed-traffic urban transport systems, including automobiles, transit, bicycles, and pedestrians, in developing countries such as China or India. In these cases, traffic flow on a road segment is an aggregated result of travellers' combined mode/route choices and corresponding interactions. Therefore, a special assignment model and algorithm are needed for modeling these distinct behaviors. In this article, the structure of a mixed-traffic urban transport system is analyzed and then expanded and represented using a hierarchical network model based on graph theory. Based on the analysis of travelers' combined mode/route choices, generalized travel cost functions and link impedance functions for different modes are formulated, where the interferences between different modes on the same road segments are taken into account. Due to the ‘asymmetric’ nature of these functions, a variational inequality model is proposed to represent the equilibrium assignment problem in a mixed-traffic urban transport system. The corresponding solution algorithm is also presented. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the practicality of the proposed model and algorithm.     

中国与哈萨克斯坦铁路国际联运混编列车存在的问题及解决方案

对哈萨克斯坦铁路货车在我国境内运用中存在的问题进行了调查和统计分析,并提出了解决方案。     

并列瓶颈路网下个人与家庭混合通勤行为研究

通勤者的出行行为对早高峰期间拥挤政策的制定有着至关重要的作用。本文基于瓶颈模型构建并列瓶颈路网下个人与家庭混合出行的均衡出行模型，分析两类通勤者的出行需求情况、 两个瓶颈处的通行能力以及学校-工作开始时间差这3个因素对用户均衡、用户出行成本和系统性能的影响。结果表明：在并列瓶颈路网下，混合出行的用户均衡状态并不唯一；无论两个瓶颈的通行能力大小如何变化，增加学校-工作开始时间差对个人通勤者都是有利的；受瓶颈通行能力的影响，增加学校-工作开始时间差对家庭通勤者的影响是否有利是不确定的；并不是在任何情况下调节学校-工作开始时间差对交通系统都是有效的，而是只有在特定情况下对其进行调节 才能提高系统运行效率，降低系统总出行成本。     

考虑偏好差异的后疫情时代居民出行方式选择行为研究

为探究后疫情时代居民出行方式选择行为，运用选择实验的方法，基于问卷调查获得选择行为数据，构建出行方式选择的混合Logit模型和潜在类别条件Logit模型。采用Stata软件标定模型参数，得到后疫情时代影响居民出行方式选择的主要因素。结果表明，两种模型均体现了个体出行方式选择的异质性，潜在类别条件Logit模型与混合Logit模型相比拟合优度提高了13%， 预测精度提高了3.03%，为突发公共卫生事件下分析出行行为的个体异质性提供了一种有效工具。潜在类别条件Logit模型根据居民所处低、中风险区两种情景，分别将居民划分为4类、5类人 群。从出行方式属性上看，等待时间和在途时间成为居民选择出行方式最重要的影响因素。从个人社会经济属性上看，在后疫情时代收入更高的女性更倾向选择私家车出行，年龄越大对行程费用越敏感，男性更愿意选择公交、地铁出行。