The implications of MARPOL Annex V on the management of ports and coastal communities

Abstract

The passage of the Marine Plastics Pollution Research and Control Act of 1987 (MPPRCA), which codified Annex V of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), has encompassed every commercial and recreational shipping and boating facility in the United States. As a group, these ports, harbors, and marinas form a significant, although proportionately small, portion of the coastline of the country. More important, the economic benefits derived from the complex shoreside infrastructures required for international ocean trade, commercial and recreational fishing, and pleasure boating indicate just how critical it is for these facilities to be in conformance with effective and prudent coastal zone and environmental management practices.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTS FOR PANEL FORMING BASED ON CAD/CAE SYSTEM

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货车用新型工程塑料心盘衬垫的研究

铁路机车车辆上下心盘的磨耗，是机车车辆一惯性质量问题。解决此问题的有效方法是在上下心盘间配置新型工程塑料制成的车辆心盘衬垫。文章从原因分析入手，解决了理论计算与实际使用中受力的差异，弄清了车辆心盘衬垫在运行状态下受纵向、横向、扭力及动载加速度等因素影响时与材质物性间的关系，从而确立了合理选材、配方设计、结构设计的科学方案。     

土工液塑限试验中的新方法应用与比较

针对公路与水电土工试验规程中所采用的作图法确定液塑限值而带来的诸多不便,采用数学解析法、最小二乘法、回归分析法计算液塑限试验数据,并将其编制成QBASIC程序上机处理,由此确定出的液限、塑限值较传统方法方便、快捷、准确。同时对公路与水电土工试验规程中所采用的不同圆锥下沉深度而计算出的液塑限值进行了比较。     

The effect of plastic constraint on the initiation of ductile tears in shipbuilding structural steels

In this paper, the effect of plastic constraint on the initiation of ductile tears in four different shipbuilding structural steels has been experimentally studied by measuring the J-integral and crack opening displacement COD at initiation in three-point bend specimens with deep and shallow notches. Experimental results of seven groups of different strength alloy steels show that both Si and Ji values of ductile tear from the shallow crack specimens which have less constraint flow field are significantly higher than those of deeply notched specimens. Slip-line-field analysis shows that, for shallow crack, the hydrostatic stress is lower than that from standard deeply cracked bend specimen, which develops a high level of crack tip constraint, provides a lower bound estimate of toughness, and will ensure an unduly conservative approach when applied to structural defects, especially if initiation values of COD and J-integral are used.     

船体外板鞍形板自重成型的数学模型

应用弹性力学壳体理论分析和ANSYS软件数值模拟,对船体鞍形外板在自重作用下引起的变形进行计算,在此基础上应用逐步回归方法建立了鞍形板自重成型的数学模型.     

塑料排水板地基加固在高等级公路海堤中的运用

高等级公路海堤的软土地基处理是当前面临的崭新课题。本文首先总结了东南沿海的施工海域特点 ,认为在这种地质条件下 ,插设塑料排水板是一种行之有效的方法。它可以在软土层中形成竖向排水通道 ,加速孔隙水的排出和地基固结 ,减少工后沉降 ,提高地基土的承载力。本文在阐述塑料排水板地基处理机理的基础上 ,介绍了塑料排水板加固高等级公路海堤宜采用的堤身结构形式 ,并就此提出了施工的工艺和流程。并对其优缺点进行了讨论     

湘江大桥薄壁空心墩墩身裂缝成因与预防控制

该文通过分析桥梁薄壁空心墩墩身产生裂缝的原因,结合工程实例,从施工方面提出了预防产生裂缝的主要措施,指出从施工工艺上预防裂缝的可行性。     

纤维增强复合材料在工程结构加固中的应用及发展

既有混凝土桥梁和结构的维修与加固是世界各国都普遍关注的研究课题,而纤维增强复合材料应用于加固行业,是目前混凝土结构加固技术方面国际上十分活跃的研究内容。主要对纤维增强材料在工程结构加固中的应用和发展作一些介绍和总结。     

简易机场道面结构的疲劳特性试验

为了分析简易机场的合理道面结构,依托陕西西安、湖南耒阳的室内外试验段,利用直径30cm刚性承载板模拟机轮荷载圆,使用反力架、千斤顶及疲劳试验机,通过人工和机械定点重复加载模拟飞机通行,研究了薄层沥青混凝土面层 水泥稳定细粒土基(垫)层道面结构在重复荷载作用下的疲劳特性。试验结果表明:推荐道面结构早期承载能力较高,在60d龄期内,整体回弹模量为200～300MPa,弯沉小于1mm;此时道面可承受飞机荷载几万至十几万次的起降通行而不破坏,并保持良好的使用性能;推荐道面结构的疲劳特性可以满足简易机场的应急使用需求。