A review of the impact of parking policy measures on travel demand

This paper reviews the empirical evidence relating to the impact of parking policy measures on the demand for parking and for travel. Disaggregate modal choice models, disaggregate parking location models and site‐specific studies of parking behaviour are examined. With regard to modal choice models, it is concluded that few studies deal adequately with parking factors, but that there is some support for the view that parking policy measures are a relatively important influence on modal choice. When parking location models are examined parking policy variables are shown to have a substantial impact on choice of parking location. With regard to site‐specific studies, the paper concludes that there is a great variation in the parking price elasticities quoted, which reflects partly the methodological problems associated with such studies. Suggestions to improve model specification are made.     

MMAS in Belize

This article is part of a special issue that provides insight into global conservation science by analyzing a 5-year, $12.5 million global marine conservation science and policy program. In this article, we summarize the development of the program in Belize, which concentrated its effort in the southern portion of the country. The marine managed areas that developed in Belize took a variety of different forms, and involved a number of different government and private sector agencies and organizations.     

MMAS in Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape

This article is part of a special issue that provides insight into global conservation science by analyzing a 5-year, $12.5 million global marine conservation science and policy program. In this article, we summarize the development of the program in Coiba Island in the Gulf of Chiriquí Panama, and the Galapagos islands of Ecuador, both part of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape. In Panama, the history of Coiba island as a federal penal colony shaped the process and outcome of the program. In the Galapagos, the unique science history of the islands and subsequent international recognition influenced the outcomes of regional marine managed areas.     

Optimal Age Replacement Policy with Replacement Occurrence While the Warranty is in Effect

This study considers an age replacement policy(ARP) for a repairable product with an increasing failure rate with and without a product warranty. As for the warranty policy to consider in association with such an age replacement policy, we adapt a renewable minimal repair-replacement warrant(MRRW) policy with 2D factors of failure time of the product and its corresponding repair time. The expected cost rate during the life cycle of the product is utilized as a criterion to find the optimal policies for both with and without the product warranty. We determine the optimal replacement age that minimizes the objective function which evaluates the expected cost rate during the product cycle and investigate the impact of several factors on the optimal replacement age. The main objective of this study lies on the generalization of the classical age replacement policy to the situation where a renewable warranty depending on 2D factors is in effect. We present some interesting observations regarding the effect of relevant factors based on numerical analysis.     

提高双语教学效果的若干思考——以《西方财税理论》双语课程为例

双语教学不仅体现了社会经济发展对高等教育的要求,也是培养高素质人才的必由之路。对本科生开设双语课程教学,不但可以丰富英语教学渠道,培养学生英语读听说能力,还可以培养学生使用英语思考专业知识,巩固提高已有专业知识的目的,这些作用和效果较好的契合了应用型本科院校人才培养的定位和要求。文中以《西方财税理论》双语课程为例,介绍了本门课程进行双语教学的优势。其次,分析了双语课程教学存在的问题。最后,提出了提高双语教学效果的政策建议。     

中国城市机动化发展情况及政策分析

中国城市机动车保有量持续快速增长对城市交通环境、交通承载能力、交通服务水平提出了新挑战。首先,基于不同国家、中国不同城市汽车保有量数据,分析中国城市机动化发展所处水平、机动化结构、机动化发展特点及增长趋势。探讨影响中国城市机动化发展的关键因素:汽车价格与人均GDP的比值、公共交通发展,以及汽车产业政策。最后,从公共交通政策导向作用、机动车限制性管理、步行和自行车交通方面评述中国城市交通政策,同时从国家政策、城市交通规划与实践、市民绿色出行意识培养等层面提出相关建议。     

天津市交通指数及其在双限政策评估中的应用

利用出租汽车浮动车大数据研究科学合理且直观易懂的交通指数并动态跟踪城市道路交通运行规律,不仅是中国大城市关注的焦点,更是在天津市机动车限购、限行政策下非常重要的城市交通基础性研究。通过出租汽车车速精度分析、期望车速选取、指数标准化等关键技术研究,提出天津市可应用于宏观交通政策评估和交通规划研究的交通指数。同时,应用交通指数分析双限政策实施前后两年城市交通的运行特征,分别从年、月、日、小时及区域五个方面评估双限政策的实施效果。结果表明,天津市适度超前的机动车限制政策对缓解交通拥堵的效果显著并得到广泛支持。     

青岛市市内四区桥梁调查及病害分析

对青岛市市内四区现役的109座桥梁从建成年代、功能定位、桥梁规模、结构形式等方面进行了调查研究和分类评级,对典型病害及损伤机理进行了探讨并提出了一些建议,有关经验可供相关专业人员参考。     

随机GHP模型中有效容量的判定方法

为了提高求解地面等待策略(ground holding policy,GHP)随机模型的效率,利用归纳法建立了延误损失公式;考虑空地费用比与典型容量样本概率的不同组合关系,采用枚举法对4类典型情况进行分析,得到了有效容量判别方法;将多个随机容量转化成单个有效容量,并利用有效容量求解随机GHP模型,结果表明:与传统方法相比,运用本文方法求解随机GHP模型得到的总延误损失相同,在2 h内起飞航班为50架次的条件下,计算时间由109 s减少到42 s,减少了61.5%,提高了计算效率.     

一类可开发生物资源的最优收获策略

主要研究了一类鱼类资源的可持续开发的经济学问题,讨论在特定时间内和初始条件与终端条件下,对生物资源开发的最优策略,通过分析得出在不同的约束条件下最优收获策略不同.