公交优先政策对CO2排放的影响评估

为了探讨公交优先政策对CO2排放的影响及其敏感性,进行影响评估研究。首先探讨了城市公共交通与CO2排放的关系,提出公共交通CO2排放量的4个影响因素。对近年来公交优先政策的实施效果进行分析,推断其与CO2排放存在的关联性。估算2000—2008年公共交通CO2排放量,发现其与公交平均载客量呈反比、与平均出行距离呈正比;假设6种情境,计算不同能源结构、公交分担率提高比例情况下的CO2减排量阈值,并对影响因素进行敏感性分析。在此基础上,探讨公交优先政策可能导致的CO2排放削减的量级。最后,从节能减排的角度针对公交优先政策提出建议。     

基于文件内外访问倾向性的流调度策略

提出了一种网上教学平台上基于文件内外访问倾向性的视频流调度策略.描述了系统架构、存储策略、调度策略与算法.通过对现有流调度算法的研究,结合视频文件内外访问倾向性,提出了一种新的流调度算法.理论分析和仿真实验表明:该算法可有效提高系统吞吐量和热门影片的命中率,降低系统平均等待时间.     

民航信息化发展现状与展望

本文简要回顾了我国民航在“七五”、“八五”和“九五”期间信息化建设的成就,分析了新 时期下经济发展对民航运输的要求,系统介绍了2010年前我国民航信息化发展的主要内容和 重点项目,对可能出现的问题提出了相应的对策.     

A new approach to cross-sector cooperation in road safety through a comparison of policies in selected countries

Statistics from the databases of various countries and international organizations show that road accident rates and fatalities have fallen since the 1970s. With demographic changes taking place in many developed countries, however, accident and accident-risk patterns have changed in the last two decades. This study aims to introduce a new approach to cross-sector cooperation with the hope of making road safety more holistic and sustainable. The authors compare the road safety policies of three selected countries based on various categories, using a simple quantitative method. The results show some fragmentation within the policies, illustrating the need for a new road safety approach. The effort to reduce road traffic accidents by 50% by the year 2020 has also increased the pressure on stakeholders to meet this goal. This paper's contribution toward the 2020 goal lies in its recommendation of a new approach to road safety that will enlighten stakeholders on probable missing links in road safety.     

乘用车声学包设计

汽车NVH特性是影响汽车品质的重要因素.为了使整车声学包的开发更加合理化,采用正向设计流程,利用网络诊断算法及数据库匹配确定声学包的方案.理论设计阶段完成后,参考SEA方法测试系统阻尼损失因子并利用声学软件进行区域阻尼成像,根据结果对存在缺陷及过剩的方案进行重新匹配,最后利用方案优化手段完善整车声学包.经实车测试,优化方案弥补了整车声学包设计的缺陷,整车的NVH性能得以提高.     

α－幂过程下阈值为几何过程的冲击模型

研究了泊松冲击下的单部件可修系统。系统失效由外部冲击和内部原因引起,且冲击到达服从泊松过程。当某次冲击的冲击量太大,超过了系统的阈值时,系统就会失效。假设相继周期间部件的阈值形成一个递减的几何过程,而修理过程为α－幂过程,利用更新报酬定理求出系统长期运行下单位时间的平均成本率函数的数学表达式,从分析方法和数值方法上证明最优更换策略的存在和唯一性。最后,通过数值例子验证了模型的相关理论结果。     

浅谈工程造价控制管理与执行招标规定

工程造价控制管理是多方面、全方位的,结合杭州湾跨海大桥实际着重从施工招标、严格执行招标文件两个方面,阐述了对工程造价进行有效控制管理的经验.     

Lessons Learned from the Marine Management Area Science Program: Insights for Global Conservation Science Programs

Drawing on experiences from the four regions and the overall conduct of the Marine Management Area Science (MMAS) program, this concluding article highlights emergent cross-cutting themes that affected MMAS programs across the regions, summarizes the important conservation outcomes of the MMAS program, and then discusses lessons gained from the actual process of conducting the MMAS program. Based on these insights, particularly the last section, this article concludes with recommendations for other conservation programs, specifically those that are global in scope and are science-based with a specific intent to apply that science to conservation action.     

MMAS in Brazil

This article is part of a special issue that provides insight into global conservation science by analyzing a 5-year, $12.5 million global marine conservation science and policy program. In this article, we summarize the development of the program in Brazil, which concentrated its efforts on the Abrolhos area of the State of Bahia. In Brazil, the federal government took a strong role in the creation and implementation of marine managed areas, stimulated in part by nongovernmental organizations.     

Champions as Influencers of Science Uptake into Australian Coastal Zone Policy

Australia's coastal environments are exposed to great pressures. Adequate policy and management measures are required to ensure the protection of coastal assets now and for future generational use. However, recent government reports and academic literature have highlighted that improved science uptake into policy is needed to ensure coastal communities are protected from impacts such as climate change. The literature suggests that individuals, coined champions, can play an important role in influencing the use of science by policymakers. However, a paucity of research exists surrounding the role of these individuals. This research explores the role of champions in enabling science uptake into policy in the Australian coastal zone, investigating champion characteristics and strategies used in influencing policymakers. A mixed-methods approach to the research was employed, integrating a paper/online survey of people involved in Australian coastal management and in-depth, semi-structured interviews with champions nominated by their peers from the survey. Fourteen key coastal champion characteristics were identified from the survey. Furthermore, the champion interviews identified strategies for influencing science use by policymakers. From these findings a conceptual model was created. In order to enable coastal champions to be fostered, a six-step process was developed that incorporates the use of the conceptual model.