德国公共交通投资项目标准化评估程序与方法

公共交通项目投资大,建设周期长,如何有效利用有限的资金,科学、透明地比选不同地区不同的交通投资项目,是决策者必须面对的难题。介绍了德国公共交通投资项目标准化评估过程中采用的量化、程序化和标准化的成本收益计算方法,以期为中国进行公共交通投资决策提供参考。     

城市交通机动化进程及影响因素研究

面对中国大城市不断加快的机动化进程及其产生的一系列问题,探讨了城市机动化的发展趋势及影响因素。首先提出城市交通机动化进程的两个标志,并进一步总结城市交通结构的演变特征。然后分析了城市经济发展水平、人口密度、道路设施和公共交通发展对机动化发展的影响,据此判断城市机动车保有量仍将保持高速增长态势。最后指出,小汽车交通模式一旦在大城市形成,短期内难以改变,大城市应根据自身特点发展公共交通并采取相应的交通管理措施引导小汽车合理使用,不断优化交通结构。     

浅谈桩基人工挖孔爆破施工的安全措施

结合工程实例,详细阐述了桩基础人工挖孔爆破施工安全的技术交底、安全生产措施、安全应急预案,以保证桩基施工顺利进行。     

关于“十二五”期国家支持农村公路政策取向的思考

在明确农村公路建设内容的基础上,从城镇化、农村债务等宏观层面,从中央地方事权划分等中观层面,从车购税可利用资金、政策的可操作性等微观层面,分析＂十二五＂期间中央政府合理确定农村公路建设的目标定位和政策取向,对于农村公路建设具有积极的指导意义。     

改革开放40年我国交通运输政府管理创新实践与经验

为总结交通运输政府管理创新经验启示,从大交通的视角,运用规范研究与实证分析相结合的方式,系统分析了新中国成立特别是改革开放后,我国经济体制市场化改革不断深入,交通运输政府管理在理念职能、行政方式与体制机制方面不断创新,由最初的政事企合一、高度统一的计划经济管理模式,经历从突破计划经济管理模式,到逐步建立适应市场经济的管理架构,再到以推进综合交通运输思路改革完善政府管理,最终向行业治理体系和治理能力现代化迈进的历史过程。总结经验可以看到,我国交通运输政府管理在不同发展阶段,面对不同的发展环境和复杂问题,应变而变、适时而变、持续创新,激发了市场活力,不断释放、扩大和提高交通运输生产力,对于推动交通运输快速发展发挥了重大作用。     

欧盟统一大市场中的消费者政策一体化研究

本归纳了欧盟消费政策一体化的进程与做法。但是，欧盟消费保护一体化措施也拥有其潜在的风险，即欧盟层面设置的标准可能会比现行的国家标准低。本关注了这个问题，透过其表面矛盾性提出了欧盟经济一体化本身是消费政策的一种形式的崭新观念，这是研究欧盟统一大市场中消费保护问题的基本前提。本结论部分还归纳了欧盟消费政策一体化得以实现的经验。     

Financing urban transport projects in Europe

Transport demand in western Europe has risen steadily in recent years and the forecasts are that the unrestrained demand will continue to rise in the foreseeable future. This growth has put considerable pressure on the resources available to finance infrastructure investments and to fund what are seen as socially important social services. The recent developments in eastern Europe and the anticipated growth of the post-Communist states will put further strains on the fiscal ability of authorities in these countries to fund transport investments and operations. The outcome has been revisions in the way transport projects are funded. This paper, taking a very broad view of what constitutes a transport project, examines the specific nature of urban transport financing in Europe.     

Road safety: Research and reality 6th Reuben Smeed memorial lecture

Research has had a major influence in advancing road safety in Britain over more than 60 years. Lessons learnt in the early years provide a model for effective conduct of research of high quality to aid and influence practice and policy making. As the control of road safety research has become more widespread over the last decade and effort more diffused, problems have arisen which militate against the appropriateness and successful application of findings. Conflicts between researchers, practitioners and policy makers stem from lack of mutual understanding of their roles, the need to balance scientific rigour against the urgency of government and practice, and inadequate coherent communication.The potential for road casualty reduction in Britain has been addressed at intervals since the early 1960s. Assessment of the latest trends in casualties, set against current activities to achieve target reductions, shows the need for a further update to redefine priorities. For future advancement of road safety, a 20-point plan of activities is suggested. Technical, social, economic and institutional difficulties, of varying degrees, will need to be overcome to achieve the objectives of the plan. Most importantly, the academic and professional standing of road safety workers needs to be raised.     

MMAS in Fiji

This article is part of a special issue that provides insight into global conservation science by analyzing a 5-year, $12.5 million global marine conservation science and policy program. In this article, we summarize the development of the program in Fiji. In Fiji, the development of marine managed areas was based on the historical system of Qoli-qoli, moderated by the history of British colonialism, wherein local chiefs and villages controlled access to, and rules for the use of, nearshore marine environments.