Characteristics of air pollutants at near and far field regions of a national highway located at an industrial complex

This paper presents the characterization of air quality monitored at near field region (NFR) and far field region (FFR) of a national highway located at an industrial complex. The pollutants such as PM₁₀, SO₂ and NO₂ were monitored in two campaigns (11th September to 18th October 2012 and 18th January to 17th February 2013). The 24 h average PM₁₀ concentration at NFR and FFR were found to be 86.69 ± 18.56 μg/m³; 73.16 ± 16.21 μg/m³ and 89.44 ± 18.69 μg/m³; 81.91 ± 16.42 μg/m³, respectively during first and second campaign. In both the campaigns PM₁₀, SO₂ and NO₂ concentration at NFR was higher than FFR. The chemical characterization of PM₁₀ at NFR and FFR indicated the abundance of major elements such as Na (NFR = 30% and FFR = 32%), Ca (NFR = 12% and FFR = 14%) and ions namely NO₃⁻ (NFR = 71% and FFR = 68%) and NH₃⁺ (NFR = 15% and FFR = 19%). Further, at FFR, SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻ were found to be 18% and 35% higher than NFR indicating the conversions of SO₂ and NO₂ concentration into secondary particles. The measured SO₂ and NO₂ concentrations were 23 and 21% lower at FFR when compared to NFR confirms the secondary formation.The CALPUFF, EPA regulatory model was set up to understand the dynamics of air pollutants at the industrial complex. The predicted PM₁₀, SO₂ and NO₂ concentrations at NFR and FFR were found to be 32.31 ± 1.56 μg/m³ and 31.35 ± 1.27 μg/m³; 0.37 ± 0.21 μg/m³ and 0.06 ± 0.04 μg/m³; 12.83 ± 6.55 μg/m³ and 4.67 ± 2.77 μg/m³, respectively. The model showed moderate predictions for PM₁₀ (R² = 0.44–0.52), SO₂ (R² = 0.41–0.51) and NO₂ (R² = 0.45–0.61) concentrations.     

乌鲁木齐市疫情期间交通流量对空气质量影响的分析

选取环境空气中PM2.5、PM10、CO、NO₂、O₃污染物及空气质量指数(AQI)分析乌鲁木齐市疫情期间交通流量对空气质量的影响。结果表明,在乌鲁木齐市两次疫情交通管制期间,交通流量显著降低,环境空气中PM2.5、PM10、CO、NO₂、O₃污染物浓度及AQI随之降低,尤其是PM10、CO和NO₂浓度下降较为显著。自乌鲁木齐市解除交通管制,车辆恢复正常通行后,PM10、CO及NO2浓度逐渐增加甚至反超同期。鉴于PM、CO及NO₂是汽车尾气的主要污染物,因此可推测交通流量增加或降低,环境空气质量也会随之发生变化,尤其是空气中PM10、CO及NO₂污染物浓度呈正相关变化。     

道路运输企业节能减排关键影响因素分析及对策研究

系统地分析了道路运输企业节能减排的主要影响因素,同时从企业管理、宣传教育、技能培训和新技术等方面提出了道路运输企业节能减排的措施和建议。     

稳态加载工况法在用车废气排放检测系统的研究与开发

研究了机动车稳态加载工况(ASM)废气排放检测系统总体方案的制定和设计,在此基础上完成了对该系统的硬件和软件的开发设计。首先,讨论了研究的目的和意义。其次,根据要求对系统硬件组成设备进行了选配,设计了系统的整体方案,说明了各个部分的内容及功能,并从多个方面保证硬件系统的测试精度。涡流机涡流加载的闭环控制由涡流加载装置内部的PID调节电路来完成,速度信号由光电隔离,经过单片机处理传送给上位机。然后,根据稳态加载(ASM)工况测量方法设计出了测试系统的软件系统。本软件系统综合了VB串口通讯技术、VB数据库接口技术、SQL Sever2000数据库存储技术、网络技术、数据库远程存储和读取技术。最后,对系统进行运行试验,得出试验结果,系统设计完成。     

柴油替代燃料乘用车实际道路气态物排放特性

采用Horiba OBS-2200便携排放测试仪对一辆柴油乘用车进行实际道路车载排放测试,研究其燃用国Ⅳ柴油(D100)及其与10%其它替代燃料的混合燃料,包括生物柴油(B10)、煤制油(C10)、天然气制油(G10)和丁醇(Bu10)时在不同车速和加速度下的CO、THC、NOx和CO2排放特性。结果表明:与纯柴油相比,1车速高于20km/h时,混合燃料的CO排放有不同程度的下降;Bu10的THC排放增加16.3%;中低车速时Bu10的NOx的排放较低,高车速时Bu10、B10的NOx排放高10%左右;2中低车速(20～50km/h)加速时,混合燃料的NOx排放都有不同程度的降低,减速时,B10、C10的NOx排放略有升高;3高车速(80～110km/h)时,Bu10的THC排放较高;B10、Bu10的NOx排放在加速时升高20%～30%,减速时略有降低。